Chitosan as a Bone Graft Biomaterial Enhances Osteogenesis after Tooth Extraction: A Systematic Literature Review
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Abstract
Tooth extraction often results in changes to the dimensions of the alveolar ridge due to resorption, which can affect the stability and comfort of dental prostheses. Socket preservation efforts are crucial for preventing bone resorption and supporting the regeneration of both soft and hard tissues. Chitosan, a biomaterial derived from crustacean exoskeletons, has shown potential as a scaffold and graft material for bone regeneration. With its biocompatible, biodegradable, and antibacterial properties, chitosan supports osteogenesis through its osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic capabilities. Additionally, the cationic nature of chitosan allows interaction with bacterial cell membranes, preventing infection and facilitating the transformation of macrophages from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory types. This systematic literature review evaluates the benefits of chitosan in bone regeneration after tooth extraction. The study employed a PRISMA flow diagram to select relevant literature, resulting in 15 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that chitosan significantly enhances osteoblast activity, accelerates new bone formation, and supports bone healing during the inflammatory, reparative, and remodeling phases without toxicity or risk of disease transmission. Thus, chitosan presents an innovative solution for bone regeneration in clinical dental practice. This study demonstrates that chitosan is an effective natural material for supporting bone healing after tooth extraction. It helps increase bone cell activity, speeds up new bone growth, and prevents infection. These findings support the use of chitosan as a safe and promising option for improving dental bone regeneration.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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