International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Research (I-CFAR)
Print ISSN: Online ISSN: Penerbit: Focus dan Scope: Akreditasi: Indeksasi:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
A Case Study on the Effectiveness of Repeated Reading Strategies for English Picture Books in Small-Class Library Corners on Young Children's Core Vocabulary Acquisition
Recent years have seen growing attention to early childhood English enlightenment,for example, the annual enrollment growth rate of bilingual kindergartens nationwide reached 15%, and the proportion of parents signing up 3–4-year-olds for English enlightenment courses has nearly tripled compared to five years ago. Picture books—owing to their dual strengths of interactivity and language input, plus the Ministry of Education’s Guidelines for the Learning and Development of Children Aged 3–6 (2012) explicitly noting that “high-quality picture book reading boosts children’s language perception and vocabulary accumulation”—have become core tools in preschool English teaching. Yet empirical research on repeated reading strategies of English picture books for small-class children remains scarce, especially localized studies in specific kindergarten contexts. Thus, with approval from the principal of Yudong No.4 Primary School Affiliated Kindergarten (Banan District, Chongqing), this study, guided by Krashen’s Input Hypothesis, Piaget’s Schema Theory, and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, conducted an 8-week book corner experiment on 12 3–4-year-olds (experimental group: repeated reading of high-vocabulary-recurrence books; control group: low-recurrence books). Results showed the experimental group’s post-test accuracy (83.7%) was significantly higher than the control’s (59.2%). So repeated reading effectively enhances small-class children’s vocabulary mastery. Not only does this study provide practical plans for English picture book reading in the specific “small-class book corner” scenario , but it also verifies the role of “repeated reading strategy” in promoting young children’s core vocabulary acquisition. Furthermore, it offers replicable empirical references for similar kindergartens to conduct English picture book teaching, filling the gap in localized research on repeated reading of English picture books for small-class children.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Research (I-CFAR) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Research on Educational Transformation and the Adaptability of Digital Pedagogy from the Perspective of Digital Natives
Against the backdrop of digital technologies profoundly reshaping society, the unique cognitive characteristics of digital natives pose challenges to traditional educational models. This study, grounded in constructivist learning theory and the Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) framework, systematically analyzes the cognitive traits of digital natives in areas such as fragmented information acquisition, visual learning preferences, and collaborative knowledge construction. Through case studies and empirical analysis, it proposes that digital pedagogy must adapt through four dimensions: integrating fragmented instructional content, designing multimodal interactions, implementing AI-adaptive learning pathways, and creating blended virtual-physical teaching environments. Findings confirm that adapted digital pedagogy enhances digital natives' learning engagement and knowledge internalization efficiency, providing theoretical foundations and practical pathways for educational digital transformation.
Bima Customary Legal Manuscript As An Inclusive Cultural Heritage in the Framework of Global Discourse
This study focuses on preserving and interpreting local wisdom in Bima society, emphasizing indigenous legal traditions as integral to global cultural sustainability. Amid modernization and cultural homogenization, this research examines the Bima Customary Legal Manuscript as an inclusive cultural heritage reflecting enduring moral and legal principles that shape communal life while promoting intercultural understanding and social harmony within global cultural discourse. The research aims to analyze the embedded cultural values of the Bima community through the lens of Latini's cultural values theory, which emphasizes the importance of shared humanistic principles in sustaining cultural diversity. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the study conducts textual analysis of the manuscript to identify key cultural values and their relevance to contemporary global issues. The study’s samples include the Bima Customary Legal Manuscript, a historical text representing indigenous legal traditions and the Bima community, particularly residents of Nanga Wera Village, Bima Regency, whose cultural practices provide contextual insights into the manuscript’s present relevance. Findings show that the manuscript embodies deeply rooted values such as collective responsibility, justice, and respect for social order, aligning with inclusive cultural paradigms on a global scale. These values contribute to a broader understanding of how local legal traditions can offer meaningful insights into the universal pursuit of equity and coexistence. The study concludes that the Bima Customary Legal Manuscript is not merely a historical artifact but a living cultural document resonating with global discussions on inclusive heritage, legal pluralism, and cultural sustainability. It calls for recognition and preservation of this indigenous legal knowledge as part of global efforts to valorize traditional wisdom amid growing cultural uniformity. The research contributes to cultural sustainability by showing how revitalizing indigenous legal manuscripts can serve as a resource for maintaining cultural continuity, strengthening community identity, and promoting sustainable intercultural coexistence in the global era.
Michelle Kadarusman’s Views on Slum Areas and Spatial Justice in Girl of the Southern Sea
This study examines Michelle Kadarusman’s Girl of the Southern Sea as a literary reimagining of spatial injustice and gendered marginality within Jakarta’s slum environments. Drawing upon Soja’s spatial theory and Spivak’s postcolonial feminism, the analysis explores how the novel constructs female agency through the intersections of physical space, imagination, and social resistance. By integrating qualitative textual analysis and thematic coding, the study identifies the ways Kadarusman redefines the slum from a site of deprivation into one of resilience and transformation. The findings demonstrate how literary narratives can expose urban inequality and generate ethical awareness regarding the lived experiences of marginalized women in postcolonial contexts. As an interdisciplinary dialogue on gender, spatial justice, and literary urbanism, this study advances the role of literature in cultivating inclusive imaginaries and gender sensitive-policymaking.
WEAVING EFFICIENCY AMID LIMITATIONS: THE SURVIVAL NARRATIVE OF MICRO ARTISANS IN BALI
Micro craft-based businesses in Bali face a dual pressure in the form of limited human resources, fluctuating market demands, and cultural ties in preserving hereditary businesses. This study aims to explore the survival strategies of micro artisans amid these constraints, focusing on self-developed efficiency practices. The method used is qualitative with a phenomenological approach, involving in-depth interviews and field observations of 12 artisans in various craft centers in Bali. The research results indicate that the main strategies adopted are enhancing the skills of all human resources, reorganizing workflows to be more efficient, and implementing night overtime to address labor shortages and ensure timely completion of work. Moreover, business sustainability is driven not only by economic necessity due to the difficulty of obtaining formal employment, but also by cultural factors, such as the continuation of family businesses across generations as part of family and community identity. These findings affirm that efficiency at the microenterprise level is not merely the result of technical innovation, but also the product of a combination of adaptive capacity (resilience), institutional legitimacy, and cultural values inherent in production practices. However, efficiency practices such as working late at night have the potential to create health risks and reduce long-term productivity if not balanced with external support. The implications of this study highlight the need for culturally sensitive interventions, such as community-based training programs, simple workflow redesigns, micro social protection, and regeneration strategies that encourage young people to continue the business with innovations that still respect tradition. Thus, the results of this study contribute to the theoretical understanding of micro-enterprise resilience while also offering policy recommendations to strengthen the sustainability of traditional Balinese crafts in the modern era.
TRADITIONAL MARKET PRICE NEGOTIATIONS IN BALI: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPATORY PRICE-SETTING PROCESSES
The prices of goods sold in traditional Balinese markets often reflect mutual agreements between sellers and buyers, based on more complex considerations than simply cost and profit. This process adds value to sellers, who can maintain long-term relationships with buyers, and to buyers who feel valued in these social interactions. This study uses a qualitative research design, namely participatory ethnography with a phenomenological approach that aims to understand the practice of price negotiation as a meaningful social practice in the context of Balinese traditional markets, and to map the participatory price determination process (actors, strategies, norms, and institutional context). Data were collected through participant observation and in-depth interviews with traders and buyers in traditional markets. The results indicate that, first, prices for basic commodities are relatively uniform among sellers due to unwritten agreements and common sources of production. Second, there are no standard rules in the negotiation mechanism; everything takes place based on an agreement between seller and buyer, which is based on trust and communication skills. Third, despite the rapid growth of modern markets and online shopping, traditional markets remain the community's choice due to their affordability, proximity, and inherent social value. Fourth, bargaining activities are the main attraction of traditional markets because they provide space for active participation for buyers while strengthening social relations with traders. Theoretically, these findings confirm the relevance of the concept of embeddedness in explaining the link between economic practices and social norms, social exchange theory in understanding the reciprocal relations between sellers and buyers, and habitus in describing societal preferences that are formed over generations. This study concludes that traditional markets in Bali are not just arenas for the exchange of goods, but also socio-cultural spaces that uphold the values ​​of justice, togetherness, and trust. Therefore, the sustainability of traditional markets needs to be supported not only through strengthening economic and infrastructure aspects, but also through preserving the cultural values ​​that underpin interactions within them.
The Influence of Personality on Employee Performance with the Mediation of Job Fit Suitability
This study examines the effect of personality on employee performance with job fit as a mediating variable, based on John Holland's Self-Directed Search (SDS) theory. Using a quantitative-explanatory approach, the research measures personality through the RIASEC model and analyzes how job fit aligns individual traits with work demands. The results suggest that personality traits significantly influence performance, especially when there is a high level of job fit. The study contributes to improving recruitment, placement, and performance evaluation strategies by emphasizing the importance of personality-job alignment
Antibacterial Activity of Earthworm Extract (Lumbricus rubellus) from Organic Farmland in Bali Agaist Streptococcus pyogenes Bacteria
Introduction: Bacterial infections are still a global health problem. Severe bacterial infections can lead to morbidity and mortality. Streptococcus pyogenes (S.pyogenes) is one of the bacteria that causes health problems including pharyngitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and even toxic shock syndrome. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, but the incidence of antibiotic resistance is currently very worrying. Earthworm extract (Lumbricus rubellus) contains various substances that have the potential to be antibacterial, one of which is lumbricin-1. Aim: This study aims to test the antibacterial activity of earthworm extract (Lumbricus rubellus) from organic farmland in Bali against S. pyogenes bacteria. Method: This study is an experimental study. Twenty-five samples were divided into 5 groups, namely the negative control group, positive control, and 3 extract treatment groups (50%, 75%, and 100%). The method used was the disc diffusion test method. Results: The results of the observation found the inhibitory power of earthworm extract (Lumbricus rubellus) from organic farmland in Bali against S. pyogenes bacteria at various extract concentrations (p <0.05). The inhibitory ability of earthworm extract (Lumbricus rubellus) from organic farmland in Bali against S. pyogenes is in the strong category. Conclusion: Earthworm extract (Lumbricus rubellus) from organic farmland in Bali has strong inhibitory ability against S. pyogenes bacteria and the effect is found to be dose dependent. Contribution: This research is expected to be a reference and basis for finding new sources of antibiotics from nature and developing earthworms from organic farmland in Bali towards phytopharmaceuticals
Expansive Teaching Approach in Mental Health Education: A Theoretical Study in Chinese Vocational Colleges
Mental health education plays a vital role in fostering the holistic development of students in higher vocational colleges, where learners often face academic pressure, career uncertainty, and social adaptation challenges. However, traditional lecture-based psychological courses tend to emphasize theoretical knowledge while neglecting students’ engagement and practical psychological skills. To address this gap, this paper explores the theoretical application of the Expansive Teaching Approach in mental health education for vocational students in China. Drawing on Vygotsky’s developmental theory, Activity Theory, and constructivist pedagogy, the Expansive Teaching Approach emphasizes learner-centered participation, open exploration, and the integration of real-life contexts into the curriculum. This paper develops a conceptual framework that situates expansive teaching within three interrelated dimensions—cognitive expansion, emotional expansion, and behavioral expansion—and analyzes how these dimensions can be embedded into course objectives, instructional design, and classroom strategies. The study argues that this approach can enhance students’ self-awareness, emotional regulation, and interpersonal competence, while also cultivating resilience and adaptability. At the same time, potential challenges are discussed, including limited teaching resources, teacher preparedness, and institutional constraints. By providing a theoretical model and pedagogical implications, this paper contributes to the innovation of mental health education in vocational colleges and offers directions for future empirical studies and curriculum reforms.
Digital Pedagogy for Inclusive Education: Integrating Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in K-12 Online Classrooms
The pandemic accelerated the global shift to online learning, but this transition exposed deep-seated inequities in K-12 education—especially for students with disabilities or unique learning needs. This study explores how Universal Design for Learning (UDL), a framework rooted in neuroscience about learner variability, can make digital pedagogy more inclusive. We looked at 32 K-12 online classrooms across Indonesia and Japan, tying our work to UNESCO’s SDG 4 on quality education. Three key barriers emerged: inaccessible learning materials, one-size-fits-all assessments, and teachers lacking training in adaptive tools. But when we implemented UDL strategies—like offering content in text, audio, and video; letting students choose how to show their learning; and training teachers—student engagement rose 41%, and dropout rates among marginalized learners dropped 27%. UDL isn’t just a quick fix; it’s a scalable, evidence-based way to connect educational technology and equity, transforming how we teach for sustainable development.
The Impact of Positive Psychology-Based Health Qigong Teaching on University Students' Positive Psychological Qualities
This study responds to the growing emphasis in China on cultivating university students' positive psychological qualities as a means to prevent psychological issues. It explores the integration of positive psychology into the physical education domain, specifically through Health Qigong instruction. The research aims to design a Health Qigong teaching model based on positive psychology concepts and to empirically investigate its effectiveness in fostering students' positive psychological qualities and overall well-being. A teaching experiment was conducted involving 51 university students enrolled in a Health Qigong elective. Participants were divided into an experimental group, which received teaching integrated with positive psychology activities, and a control group, which followed a traditional teaching method. Data were collected through questionnaires, expert interviews, and skill assessments before and after the intervention. The results demonstrated that compared to traditional teaching, the positive psychology-based approach was significantly more effective in promoting the development of students' positive qualities across five key dimensions: interpersonal skills, courage, wisdom & knowledge, justice, and transcendence (though no significant difference was found for temperance). Furthermore, students in the experimental group reported higher levels of positive emotional experiences and subjective well-being. They also achieved significantly higher scores in practical skill assessments, indicating better mastery of Health Qigong techniques. However, there was no significant difference in theoretical knowledge scores between the two groups. The study concludes that integrating positive psychology into Health Qigong teaching is a viable and effective strategy for enhancing university students' psychological well-being and technical skill acquisition. This work provides a novel teaching methodology that enriches both Health Qigong pedagogy and the application of positive psychology in physical education, offering a practical approach to supporting the holistic development of university students
Innovation and Reform of Accounting Professional Training Model Based on the Artificial Intelligence
The pervasive integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is fundamentally disrupting the accounting profession, automating routine tasks and shifting the role of accountants towards strategic analysis and data-driven decision-making. This transformation creates a critical imperative for accounting education to reform its traditional talent cultivation models. This study investigates the pathways for this innovation within the Chinese context. Employing a qualitative methodology that combines a systematic literature review with in-depth multiple case studies of leading universities, including Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Peking University, and Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, this research identifies key emergent training models and success factors. Our findings delineate a clear shift towards cultivating composite talents, achieved through systemic curriculum integration of AI and data analytics, a heightened emphasis on experiential and practical learning, and the development of symbiotic university-industry partnerships. Synthesizing these insights, we propose a novel three-dimensional reform framework, positing that successful transformation hinges on the synergistic interplay and deep integration of the curriculum system (knowledge), the pedagogical system (application), and the ecosystem (resources and context). The study concludes by offering strategic recommendations for educational institutions and policymakers, emphasizing that a holistic, systemic approach is essential to bridge the gap between accounting education and the evolving demands of the intelligent economy, thereby ensuring the future readiness of the profession.
INVESTIGATES HOW INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION INFLUENCE PARTICIPATION IN MATHEMATICS EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN BEIJING'S ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
AI assistance and rewards (extrinsic motivation), predict participation in MEAs As mathematics remains a foundational component of STEM education, encouraging early participation in mathematics extracurricular activities (MEAs) is increasingly seen as a strategy to deepen interest and strengthen skills outside of the formal classroom. This study investigates the predictive roles of intrinsic motivation (e.g., enjoyment, curiosity, and pride in math) and extrinsic motivation (e.g., parental encouragement, rewards, and recognition) in shaping participation in MEAs among elementary students in Beijing’s Chaoyang District. Guided by Self-Determination Theory and Expectancy-Value Theory, the research employed a quantitative approach involving 200 students aged 9–13 from five public elementary schools. Data were collected using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire, and analyzed through descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation were strongly and positively correlated with participation in MEAs. However, multiple regression analysis showed that extrinsic motivation was the stronger and statistically significant predictor, while the effect of intrinsic motivation was weaker and not significant when both variables were analyzed together. These findings suggest that, within this population, external support mechanisms such as rewards, competitions, and adult encouragement play a more influential role than internal interest in driving participation. The study highlights the importance of leveraging extrinsic motivators to promote involvement in math ECAs during early education, while gradually nurturing intrinsic interest to support long-term mathematical development.
INTEGRATING EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY INTO TEACHING CHINESE AS A SECOND LANGUAGE: STRATEGIES AND IMPLICATIONS
This paper explores the significance of educational psychology in shaping effective teaching strategies for Chinese as a second language (CSL). With the increasing global demand for CSL learning, it is crucial to understand how psychological principles influence students’ motivation, cognition, and learning outcomes. The aim of this study is to analyze how educational psychology contributes to the design of learner-centered approaches that address challenges such as language anxiety, cultural adaptation, and differentiated learning needs. Methodologically, the paper applies a qualitative review of current literature, supported by case-based analysis of CSL classroom practices. The results highlight that integrating psychological insights enhances students’ engagement, improves retention, and fosters intercultural competence. The findings conclude that effective use of educational psychology not only improves teaching efficiency but also supports sustainable language learning outcomes. This study contributes to the growing discourse on interdisciplinary research by bridging psychology and language education, offering practical implications for teachers, policymakers, and institutions in promoting CSL globally.
Analysis of the Influence of Family Environment on Students' Academic Performance from the Perspective of Education
In modern education studies, the family environment's impact on student academic performance has attracted significant scholarly attention. This research investigates how various familial factors influence student outcomes through a comprehensive study involving both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Utilizing purposive sampling, the study surveyed 150 students and their families from diverse backgrounds in Nanjing. Field interviews and standardized questionnaires were employed to gather detailed data on aspects such as parental involvement, socio-economic status, and home learning environment. Statistical tools were then used to analyze this data, revealing key trends and correlations. The findings indicate that a supportive and resource-rich family environment significantly enhances student academic achievements, whereas lack of support and resources can impede educational progress. This paper discusses the theoretical framework for understanding family influence on education and provides an empirical analysis of the collected data. Based on the results, it offers practical recommendations for educational policy-makers and families to foster environments conducive to academic success.
Ethical Risks and Governance Frameworks: Exploring the Boundaries of Artificial Intelligence in Educational Applications
Artificial Intelligence in educational applications has become a critical issue in global educational development, with its technological potential continuously unfolding. However, this process is accompanied by complex challenges and ethical risks, making systematic ecosystem governance urgently necessary. This study firstly identified the boundaries of AI educational applications, spanning from knowledge acquisition to competency development, and extending to emotional and values cultivation. Secondly, it explored three categories of ethical risks in AI educational applications (including agency risks, safety risks, and development risks) and conducted an attribution analysis focusing on four ecosystem actors (government, AI technology developers, educational institutions, and enterprises). This revealed multi-layered causal chains for the three risk categories, involving four logics: institutional logic, reflecting deficiencies in legal and professional constraints; technical logic, highlighting inherent limitations of algorithms and systems; educational logic, addressing practical challenges of upholding principles versus clinging to tradition; commercial logic, where efficiency and profit distort values. To address these issues, the study proposed an ecosystem governance framework for AI education applications, aiming to provide policy guidance for the symbiotic and sustainable development of AI and education.
2nd International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Research (ICFAR)
We are pleased to present the full paper proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Research (ICFAR), held under the theme “Transforming Interdisciplinary Research for Sustainable Development: Challenges and Opportunities.” This volume brings together peer-reviewed full papers presented at the conference and serves as a platform for academic exchange, critical reflection, and the dissemination of interdisciplinary research findings across diverse fields of study. The conference was designed to address the increasingly complex and interconnected challenges of sustainable development in contemporary global contexts. Accordingly, the contributions included in this volume reflect a wide range of disciplinary perspectives and methodological approaches. The main thematic areas encompass climate resilience and disaster risk, environmental sciences, policy and governance, gender equity and inclusive society, cultural sustainability, tourism and creative industries, eco-entrepreneurship and circular economy, education transformation and digital pedagogy, health, nutrition, and well-being, language and communication in societies in transition, as well as sustainable technologies and digital innovation. This full paper proceedings is expected to serve as an important scholarly reference for academics, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to understand current research trends and theoretical as well as practical contributions related to sustainability-oriented interdisciplinary studies. By presenting diverse empirical findings and conceptual discussions, this publication aims to enrich academic discourse and support evidence-based decision-making in various sectors. Beyond its academic function, this proceedings volume also reflects a collective commitment to fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and knowledge integration across institutional, national, and international boundaries. The exchange of ideas facilitated through ICFAR is expected to contribute to the development of innovative research agendas and collaborative networks that respond effectively to pressing societal and environmental challenges. We would like to express our sincere appreciation to all authors for their valuable contributions, to the reviewers for their constructive evaluations, and to the organizing committee and supporting institutions for their dedication and professionalism. Their collective efforts have ensured the quality and successful publication of this proceedings volume. May this full paper proceedings provide meaningful insights and contribute to the advancement of knowledge and research-based practices for sustainable development. We would like to express our sincere appreciation to all authors, reviewers, organizing committee members, and supporting institutions whose contributions made this conference and publication possible. May this full paper of the proceedings provide meaningful insights and contribute to the advancement of knowledge and research-based practices for sustainable development.
Integrating Interactive Storytelling into Early Childhood Education: A Pedagogical Framework Within Indonesia’s Merdeka Curriculum
The Indonesia’s Merdeka Curriculum offers a new paradigm in the learning process. Principle of the differentiation, its approach to providing learning freedom for students and flexibility for educators in designing learning activities. Learning should be carried out in an interactive, inspiring, enjoyable, and challenging. Interactive storytelling is one of the first approaches to teaching and learning in early childhood education. It combining elements of narrative, visuals, and child interaction. This study aims to describe the concept, benefits, and implementation strategies of interactive storytelling. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through literature studies, teacher interviews, and documentation. The findings show that interactive storytelling can stimulate the imagination of early childhood, improve socialization, experience, and concentration. In addition, interactive storytelling can also increase the motivation and curiosity of early childhood, as well as their social-emotional abilities. Early childhood teachers use interactive storytelling to create engaging learning settings for students. Therefore, the implementation of interactive storytelling serves as an effective pedagogical strategy to create meaningful, enjoyable, character, and learning experiences that align with the Pancasila Student Profile in Indonesia’s Merdeka Curriculum.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Research (I-CFAR) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Exploring the Pathways and Practical Analysis of Digital-Intelligent Transformation in Application-Oriented Higher Education: A Case Study of the "Technology-Discipline-Application" Integration Model at Qingdao Hengxing University of Science and Technolog
Faced with the wave of digital-intelligent transformation in education, how application-oriented universities can break through the disconnection between “technological instrumentalization” and “traditional teaching” has become a key issue in educational reform. This study takes Qingdao Hengxing University of Science and Technology as a typical case, proposing and validating a “Technology–Discipline–Application” three-dimensional integration model driven by “authentic application.” This model establishes a digital foundation through building the “Hengxing Capacity Platform + high-end experimental centers” (Technology), restructures the curriculum system around “project-based and studio-based approaches” (Discipline), and embeds real-world commercial projects such as “brand operations, film and television production, and live-streaming e-commerce” (Application), thereby achieving deep integration of industry and education. The study finds that using “authentic application” as a value anchor can reversely reconstruct the teaching system and organizational model; the dual-base architecture of “platform + scenarios” effectively promotes the synergistic empowerment of technology, knowledge, and ability; and the educational ecology of “teachers as mentors, students as creators, and works as products” significantly enhances the quality and adaptability of talent cultivation. This research provides replicable practical pathways and theoretical insights for resolving the structural contradictions in the digital-intelligent transformation of application-oriented universities.
Concept Construction of Embodied Learning Based on "Life-Practice"
Returning to the body is a key path for education to revert to its essence, responding to the era's value demands for human development. Current theoretical research on Embodied Learning focuses on the integrity of cognition, the body, and the environment, yet there is still a need to expand its theoretical perspective. This study adopts the literature research method, classroom observation method, and case study method to construct the concept of Embodied Learning based on "Life-Practice" Pedagogy. With a multi-disciplinary examination of the body as its theoretical foundation, the study clarifies the internal relationship between "Life-Practice" Pedagogy and Embodied Learning, and extracts the essential characteristics of Embodied Learning: taking the body of a concrete individual as the subject, taking the overall organic interaction between the body and the environment as the approach, taking the body's perceptual practice as the driving force, taking neural mechanisms and perceptual experience as the core, and aiming at the development of human life. Finally, it proposes practical paths for classroom Embodied Learning from the practical perspective, providing new ideas for the theory and practice of Embodied Learning.
Evaluating Business Curriculum in Applied Universities: A CIPP-Based Framework
In response to China’s initiative to advance “New Humanities” and “New Business,” this study highlights the urgent need for a systematic framework to evaluate innovative curricula such as the interdisciplinary “Big Business” course in applied undergraduate institutions. The primary aim is to construct a comprehensive evaluation system based on the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) model to diagnose implementation challenges and provide actionable guidance for improvement. Adopting a qualitative design research approach, the framework was developed through a systematic literature review, indicator extraction and synthesis, and logical validation. The finalized system encompasses four primary and ten secondary indicators aligned with the CIPP dimensions. Its application reveals several systemic challenges, including misalignment between curriculum objectives and content, insufficient investment in teaching resources, imbalances between student engagement and cognitive load, and limited alignment with industry needs. The study concludes that holistic, system-level reforms are essential for ensuring the curriculum’s effectiveness. The key contribution lies in offering a validated and practical tool for educators to improve curriculum quality, as well as a theoretical foundation for evaluating complex interdisciplinary programs.
To explore the educational methods and practical exploration of changing sub-health psychology among college students
Against the backdrop of the rapid development of education, the issue of suboptimal mental health among university students has become a significant obstacle affecting their growth and academic development. Suboptimal mental health, as a transitional state between health and mental illness, though not meeting clinical diagnostic criteria, can significantly undermine students' learning ability, social adaptability, and quality of life. Without timely intervention, it may trigger serious psychological issues such as anxiety and depression, and even affect their career and physical and mental well-being. This study systematically analyzes the causes, characteristics, and impact mechanisms of suboptimal mental health among contemporary university students from social, family, educational, and individual psychological perspectives, and proposes targeted educational intervention strategies. The study indicates that the main manifestations of suboptimal mental health in university students include difficulties in social adaptation, moral cognition imbalance, internet dependency, and weak resilience. Its causes include the impact of diversified values during social transformation, competition pressure from the market economy, overprotective or excessively high parental expectations, insufficient university mental health education resources, and a lack of experience in overcoming setbacks in students' personal growth. Moreover, teachers' mental states subtly influence students. Some teachers, due to title evaluations or teaching pressure, exhibit emotional outbursts, causing tension in teacher-student relationships and forming a vicious cycle. To address these issues, the study proposes the following intervention pathways: First, build a supportive campus environment by beautifying the campus, organizing cultural and sports activities, and establishing mental health websites to create a positive cultural atmosphere. Second, improve the mental health service system by establishing student psychological records, providing personalized counseling and crisis intervention, and training teachers in basic psychological counseling skills. Third, reform teaching methods by introducing interactive courses such as case analysis and role-playing to break the traditional theoretical teaching mode, enhancing student engagement and psychological resilience. Fourth, strengthen ideological and political education by guiding students to establish correct life and worldviews through Marxist theory, enhancing their dialectical thinking and social responsibility. Fifth, promote coordinated interventions among families, schools, and society, guiding parents to adjust their educational methods to avoid excessive expectations or neglect, while using social resources to expand students' practical opportunities and improve their social adaptability. This study validates the effectiveness of intervention strategies through empirical analysis and case studies, indicating that systematic psychological support and educational model reform can significantly improve students' mental state and promote their overall development. The research provides theoretical and practical references for university mental health education, emphasizing the need for comprehensive measures from the educational system, family support, and social and cultural levels to establish a long- term psychological protection mechanism, helping students grow into physically and mentally healthy talents who can meet the demands of society in the new era.
Innovation of Teaching Mode in Adult Higher Continuing Education in the Internet Era
In the context of adult higher continuing education, the adoption of blended learning models has gained increasing momentum in the Internet era. This paper examines innovative teaching practices and their effectiveness in adult higher education institutions through a systematic review of recent literature (2020–2024). The findings indicate that 82% of institutions have integrated blended learning approaches, with 68% reporting notable improvements in student engagement and academic performance. The predominant strategies include flipped classrooms (47%), online modules combined with face-to-face workshops (35%), and digital interactive platforms (18%). These models enhance active learning, provide flexibility, and address the unique needs of adult learners who balance education with professional and personal commitments. In addition, experiential and participatory approaches, such as micro-classroom discussions, simulation-based learning, and competitive case teaching, have demonstrated strong potential for fostering critical thinking and practical skill development. However, challenges remain in the underutilization of advanced digital tools, such as virtual reality and interactive learning platforms, due to technological barriers and digital literacy gaps among both instructors and learners. This study highlights the importance of aligning teaching strategies with adult learning theories and contextual needs. It emphasizes the necessity for continuous professional development for educators, broader integration of digital tools, and diversified assessment methods to ensure relevance and authenticity in evaluating adult learners’ competencies. While immediate benefits of blended learning are evident, further longitudinal studies are needed to explore long-term impacts on learners’ career advancement and lifelong learning trajectories. Overall, the study contributes to the discourse on educational transformation in adult continuing education, offering insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to optimize teaching practices in the digital era.
Industrial Robot Teaching Reform and Practice based on Flipped Classroom and Robot-Studio
This article, based on the actual teaching of the basic course, analyzes the significance and role of Robot-Studio virtual simulation software in higher vocational industrial robotics education. The most challenging aspect of industrial robot teaching is operation. Given the limitations and exclusivity of actual resources, it is proposed to utilize a virtual simulation platform, which can provide a practice environment close to reality and expand the applications of industrial robots. An "Industrial Robot Trajectory and Process Simulation Experiment Project Based on Intelligent Manufacturing" was developed and applied to experimental teaching in courses such as Modern Robotics Technology, Manufacturing Process Planning, and FMS. This approach broadened and deepened the content of experimental teaching, extended the time and space of experiments, and greatly improved the quality and level of experimental teaching. By applying flipped classroom and virtual simulation, the industrial robotics courses have been designed and practiced, enabling students to achieve corresponding knowledge, understanding and hands-on operation skills
Study on the Current Situation and Development Countermeasures of Basketball Clubs in Colleges and Universities of Dongguan City
The establishment of clubs provides a platform for college students to exert their subjective initiative. With the proposal of China’s lifelong sports and national fitness policies, the degree of sports socialization has been continuously improved. The number of college students participating in sports activities is increasing, and sports clubs are emerging one after another. College basketball clubs are a new product emerging from school reforms in the new era. The development of these clubs can meet the needs of students' personalized development, strengthen their specialties, cultivate their interests, and thus have a promising development prospect. This paper conducts an in-depth study on the current situation and existing problems of basketball clubs in colleges and universities of Dongguan City by means of literature review, questionnaire survey, and interviews. It puts forward improvement strategies for the problems existing in the development of basketball clubs, which is of certain guiding significance for the dissemination and healthy development of basketball clubs in colleges and universities of Dongguan City. This study mainly conducts specific investigations and researches on the member status, material resources, system construction, and activity organization of basketball clubs in colleges and universities of Dongguan City. The results are, first the construction of basketball clubs in colleges and universities of Dongguan City has been improved. It also showed that the material foundation of basketball clubs in colleges and universities of Dongguan City is insufficient and the system construction of basketball clubs in colleges and universities of Dongguan City needs to be improved. Last, the organized activities of basketball clubs in colleges and universities of Dongguan City are single. In order to further develop and expand the clubs, inter-college exchanges should be strengthened.
Research on the Integration and Development of AI Technology and Art in the New Era
Driven by the rapid iteration of intelligent technologies (e.g., AI, virtual reality, real-time rendering), the animation industry is shifting from traditional creation to intelligent production. The growing synergy and contradictions between technological innovation and artistic expression make their in-depth integration a key to high-quality industrial development—this forms the study’s core background. This research aims to analyze the internal logic, existing problems, and optimization paths of such integration, providing theoretical and practical support for animation creation and industry growth. Methodologically, it combines literature research (to sort domestic and international tech-art integration theories), case analysis (e.g., Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse for real-time rendering, Love, Death & Robots for AI-assisted scripting, to deconstruct integration modes), and expert interviews (to collect insights from creation teams and R&D personnel). Results show intelligent technologies have widely penetrated character generation, scene construction, motion capture, and post-rendering, boosting efficiency and visual appeal. However, issues emerge: excessive tech use weakens artistic individuality, algorithm logic conflicts with aesthetics, and technical ethics disputes arise. Conclusions highlight that integration must follow “technology serving art”—via building tech-art collaboration mechanisms, strengthening interdisciplinary talent training, and improving ethics norms—to achieve dynamic balance. Contributions include enriching the tech-art integration theoretical system (offering new interdisciplinary perspectives for animation research) and providing actionable strategies for creators, aiding industrial innovation, and informing policy-making.
AIGC Helps Students in Pre-education to Improve Digital Teaching Ability
To enhance the digital teaching capabilities of preschool education majors, Qingdao Hengxing University has constructed an AIGC technology integration path from three aspects: training system, teaching paradigm, and practical ecology. In terms of the training system, with the framework of "concept innovation - institutional guarantee - resource integration", it is incorporated into the professional development plan, a three-level linkage management mechanism is established, and government-industry-university-research- application collaboration is carried out to obtain resources. In the teaching paradigm, a three- tier curriculum matrix is built, integrating AIGC with general education, core courses, and innovative projects to achieve a balance between instrumental and value rationality. In the practical ecology, a practical training network connecting virtual simulation, campus practice, and kindergarten application is constructed. Through the virtual kindergarten system, maker space, and the "1+1+1" kindergarten practice model, it promotes the transformation of students' technical application capabilities from theory to practice, providing support for the cultivation of digital talents in preschool education.
AI-Aesthetic TPACK: Redesigning Art Teacher Education in the Age of Generative AI
Generative text-to-image systems lower technical barriers to visual production but can also short-circuit learning if used end-to-end. This paper proposes AI-Aesthetic TPACK, a framework that aligns Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) and Human-out-of-the-Loop (HOTL) workflows to Leder’s five stages of aesthetic processing (perceptual analysis, implicit memory integration, explicit classification, cognitive mastering, evaluation) and operationalizes it as a classroom toolkit: (a) a behavior-anchored competency rubric for teacher education; (b) a Process-Based Evidence Package (PBEP) template that makes creative processes visible and assessable; and (c) a course-level AI use & disclosure policy. Using a PRISMA-ScR–guided scoping synthesis, we distill design patterns that preserve stage-specific learning while leveraging AI for ideation and iteration. A 90-minute micro- trial with three experienced art instructors shows moderate inter-rater agreement when applying the rubric to a PBEP-documented student project (κoverall = 0.65; κdimension = 0.58–0.73). Qualitative debriefs reveal consistent pain points (e.g., ambiguity around licensing of texture assets) and lead to a shared casebook for future calibration. Contributions are: (1) a stage-aligned mapping of AI interventions with scaffold/shortcut conditions; (2) a ready-to-use toolkit (rubric + PBEP + policy) with evidence anchors; and (3) initial usability/consistency signals for short-format teaching. We conclude with boundary conditions, cultural considerations, and a data/materials availability statement to support replication and local adaptation.
Revisiting Higher Education in Malaysia: Policy, Quality, and Student Outcomes
This paper revisits Malaysia’s higher education system through the lenses of policy, quality assurance, and student outcomes. Over the last two decades, Malaysia has transitioned from a developing tertiary sector to a diversified system encompassing public, private, and transnational institutions. Government initiatives such as the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015–2025 (Higher Education) have sought to enhance access, equity, and global competitiveness. Yet, persistent gaps remain between policy intentions and educational realities—particularly in graduate employability, quality disparity, and inclusivity. Using a qualitative research design supported by document analysis and semi-structured interviews, this study synthesizes evidence from national policies, accreditation reports, and student perspectives. Findings reveal that while quality assurance mechanisms—led by the Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA)—have institutionalized accountability, they have not consistently translated into improved learning outcomes. Many universities continue to emphasize compliance rather than innovation, resulting in limited pedagogical renewal. Moreover, socio-economic disparities and uneven digital access continue to shape student success and employability trajectories. The paper concludes that Malaysia’s higher education transformation requires renewed emphasis on evidence-based policymaking, adaptive governance, and learner-centred reform. By linking policy frameworks with lived student experiences, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of how quality and policy coherence can enhance higher education outcomes in emerging economies.
Empowering with Procreate: An Empirical Study on Enhancing Adolescents' Chinese Traditional Cultural Literacy and Creative Expression through Digital Picture Book Creation
This study investigates the impact of digital picture book creation using Procreate on enhancing 9-10 year old’s creativity and expressive skills, specifically focusing on the integration of traditional Chinese cultural stories. In an era where digital literacy and cultural preservation are increasingly vital, understanding how digital tools can bridge these two domains is crucial. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from pre- and post-intervention assessments of creativity and expressive skills with qualitative data derived from student interviews, observations, and analysis of their digital artworks. Participants will engage in a structured six-session program designed to guide them through the process of creating digital picture books themed on traditional Chinese cultural narratives using Procreate. The findings are expected to demonstrate a significant improvement in both creativity and expressive abilities among participants, alongside a deeper appreciation and understanding of Chinese cultural heritage. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on digital education and cultural transmission, offering practical implications for educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers interested in leveraging technology for holistic student development and cultural literacy.
Curriculum Innovation in Environmental Design under the Influence of Artificial Intelligence
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), the design industry is experiencing profound transformation. Traditional design concepts and methods face challenges, requiring designers not only to demonstrate creativity and aesthetic judgment but also to master data analysis, algorithm design, and machine learning. In this context, curriculum reform in environmental design education has become essential. However, many Chinese universities still lack AI-related content, resulting in graduates with skill gaps and reduced employability. In contrast, leading institutions worldwide, such as Stanford University and Central Saint Martins, have successfully integrated AI into design education, offering courses and interdisciplinary projects that enhance students’ technical abilities, creativity, and adaptability. AI applications in real-world practices, such as MVRDV’s data-driven urban planning, further illustrate the value of AI in fostering innovative and evidence-based design. Incorporating AI into curricula not only improves teaching quality but also promotes interdisciplinary integration, equipping students with stronger problem-solving, teamwork, and practical skills. This reform meets the growing demand for versatile design professionals who can respond flexibly to technological and market changes. In conclusion, embedding AI into environmental design curricula is both a necessary response to industry transformation and an effective strategy for cultivating innovative, high-quality talent capable of thriving in an intelligent and digital era.
Research on Social Practice Activities in Preschool Education Major
The implementation of social practice activities in preschool education not only aims to thoroughly implement the Party's educational policies centered on "fostering virtue through education" but also serves as a core pathway to enhance the holistic development of preschool education students—specifically promoting the coordinated improvement of their professional literacy, practical operation capabilities, and sense of dedication to the preschool cause. Against the backdrop of society’s growing demand for high-quality preschool talents, numerous universities and colleges have incorporated preschool education into their undergraduate or vocational curricula to meet market needs. However, a prominent problem persists: most graduates of these programs lack proficiency in practical skills (such as organizing games, designing age-appropriate enlightenment courses, and responding to sudden childcare needs) and often show insufficient dedication to long-term engagement in preschool education, which directly affects their adaptability to kindergarten work. In response, more educational institutions and kindergartens have begun to explore the in-depth integration of social practice activities into kindergarten teaching and talent cultivation. This paper focuses on investigating the current status, existing bottlenecks, and effective integration models of social practice activities for preschool education students in kindergartens. Through methods including questionnaires, on-site observations of kindergartens, interviews with teachers and students, and case analyses, it summarizes practical implementation approaches (e.g., university-kindergarten co-built practice bases, project-based social practice) and diversified formats. The research aims to provide valuable references for optimizing the preschool education talent training system, improving the practical teaching quality of colleges, and advancing related academic research in this field.
Preschool Interventions for Self-Regulation: A Global Meta-Analytic Synthesis
The preschool years are a critical period for developing self-regulation in children. These skills predict future prosocial behavior, peer acceptance, and conflict management. They also form a key foundation for long-term academic success and mental health. Many interventions aim to build these skills. However, their effectiveness varies greatly across different cultures and socioeconomic settings. A comprehensive validation is still lacking. This study uses quantitative methods to synthesize global evidence. It examines how social-emotional learning (SEL) interventions affect the self-regulation of preschool children. The goal is to assess the overall impact of these interventions. It also identifies key influencing factors. These factors include intervention intensity, staff qualifications, family socioeconomic status, and cultural orientation. This meta-analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE guidelines. It included 9 intervention studies published between 2010 and 2024 from 2 international databases. These studies involved over 3,700 preschool children. The primary analysis used the Paule-Mandel random-effects model. Other methods were also used to ensure robustness. The combined effect size was Hedges’g = 0.48. This indicates a moderate- to-large positive effect of SEL interventions on self-regulation. Further analysis revealed key findings. Higher intervention intensity led to better outcomes. Teacher-led implementation was effective. Family involvement played a positive role. Interventions in collectivist cultural contexts showed stronger effects. Notably, interventions had a compensatory effect for children from low socioeconomic backgrounds. For children from high socioeconomic status families, the interventions provided an enrichment effect. The results confirm that structured SEL interventions effectively improve self-regulation in preschoolers. Beyond traditional SEL frameworks, this study proposes an integrated model. This model combines ecological, developmental, and neurocultural perspectives. It also suggests a four-level implementation strategy. The strategy covers curriculum design, teacher development, digital family engagement, and policy coordination. The study has limitations. Measurement tools were heterogeneous. Non-Western samples were underrepresented. Individual-level data were missing. Future research should use multi-modal assessments and adaptive designs. System-level simulations could also improve precision and generalizability. In conclusion, this study supports social-emotional education in early childhood. It also aids efforts to include SEL in the global education and development agenda.
Tibet has a long history, mainly composed of the integration of Hu, Qiang, and Puyue, among which the Qiang has the deepest influence on Tibetan culture. Tibetan clothing has gradually formed in these cultural exchanges, characterized by a wide clothing silhouette, long sleeves and large skirts, bright colors, and the habit of wearing trousers and boots. Tibetan culture is famous for its inclusiveness and diversity, and clothing is constantly improved in decoration and materials, forming modern characteristics. This article explores in depth the styles, colors, patterns, and materials of Tibetan clothing language, revealing its cultural connotations. At the same time, this article also focuses on exploring the differences and characteristics between Tibetan clothing language and other ethnic clothing languages, to highlight its unique artistic charm and aesthetic value
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Legal Field
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has experienced exponential growth in recent decades, with its influence permeating various sectors, including the legal field. This study aims to systematically explore the multifaceted impacts of AI on legal practice, judicial decision- making, legal education, and related ethical-legal challenges. Adopting qualitative research methods, the study integrates literature review (covering 2018–2023 Chinese and English core journals and authoritative reports), case analysis (e.g., U.S. COMPAS bail algorithm, China’s Beijing Internet Court AI system), and data synthesis (from official sources like the Supreme People’s Court of China and the American Bar Association). Findings reveal that AI significantly enhances efficiency in legal retrieval (via NLP and machine learning), improves the accuracy of case analysis (through pattern recognition in historical cases), expands access to legal consultation (via intelligent chatbots), and innovates legal education (through VR/AR immersive learning). However, AI application also raises critical issues: algorithmic bias in judicial decisions, unclear legal status of AI entities, and potential displacement of legal practitioners. To address these challenges, the study proposes policy recommendations, including establishing AI judicial oversight mechanisms and formulating technology-neutral legal norms. This research contributes to bridging the gap between AI technological development and legal system adaptation, providing theoretical guidance for the sustainable integration of AI and law.
From Listening to Healing Music Appreciation Education as a Pathway to College Students’ Emotional Adjustment
In the context of intense social competition, mental health issues among college students have garnered widespread societal attention. Music appreciation education serves as a vital pathway for mental health and quality education in higher education institutions. Consequently, how to achieve effective emotional adjustment through music appreciation education has become a significant topic in contemporary university mental health. This study deconstructs music appreciation education to construct an emotional adjustment pathway within it. Firstly, the study establishes emotional adjustment as the orientation of music appreciation education. It positions music appreciation content as the foundation for emotional adjustment, the instructional process as the pathway for its implementation, and the evaluation of music appreciation education as the key to emotional adjustment. Secondly, this study designs a four-tier model for emotional adjustment in music appreciation education: emotional perception and recognition, emotional adjustment and experience, psychological adaptation and stress management, and personality development and core competency enhancement. Building upon this, an evaluation system oriented toward emotional adjustment is constructed. This research provides theoretical support and practical pathways for integrating music appreciation education with mental health education in higher education, holding positive significance for promoting the comprehensive development of college students.
A Study on the Application of Situational Teaching Methods in Cultivating Interest in Physical Education among First-Grade Primary School Students in the Context of Ideological and Political Education
According to the principles of the "Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standards (2022 Edition)", physical education should be optimized and contextualized to make even monotonous activities like walking and running lively and engaging. Due to its unique nature, physical education possesses an educational function that cannot be replaced by other subjects. Situational teaching methods, by simulating real-life scenarios, not only enhance students' interest in sports but also integrate them with ideological and political elements. This not only aligns with the requirements of educational reform in the new era but also offers a new approach to primary school education. This study involved first-grade students from Huayang Primary School in Tianhe District, Guangzhou. Class 4 served as the experimental group (situational teaching combined with ideological and political elements) and Class 3 served as the control group (conventional teaching). Using questionnaires, experiments, and mathematical statistics, a 16-week comparative experiment was conducted to assess students' athletic ability and physical education interest. The results showed that: (1) the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group in the 50m run, vital capacity, rope skipping, sit-and-reach tests (p<0.01); (2) the experimental group's interest in physical education was significantly higher than that of the control group (119.71±7.562 vs. 78.70±5.346, p<0.01). Conclusion: The first-grade physical education curriculum contains a wealth of teaching contexts. The situational teaching method is scientific and effective in improving athletic ability and learning interest, and can better stimulate students' interest in sports and promote their all-round development.
Transforming Higher Education through Digital Pedagogy: Strategies for Enhancing Teaching and Learning
The rapid advancement of digital technologies has fundamentally transformed the landscape of higher education, necessitating a comprehensive reevaluation of traditional pedagogical approaches. This research examines the transformative potential of digital pedagogy in enhancing teaching and learning outcomes within higher education institutions. Through a systematic analysis of contemporary digital pedagogical frameworks, this study identifies key strategies for successful implementation of technology-enhanced learning environments. The research methodology employs a comprehensive literature review combined with theoretical framework analysis to develop a strategic implementation model. Key findings reveal that effective digital pedagogy transformation requires a multi-dimensional approach encompassing technological infrastructure, faculty development, student engagement strategies, and institutional support systems. The study proposes a four-pillar strategic framework: (1) Technology Integration and Infrastructure Development, (2) Faculty Capacity Building and Professional Development, (3) Student-Centered Learning Design and Engagement, and (4) Institutional Culture and Change Management. Results demonstrate that institutions implementing comprehensive digital pedagogy strategies experience significant improvements in student engagement, learning outcomes, and educational accessibility. The research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on digital transformation in higher education by providing practical implementation strategies and identifying critical success factors. Implications for policy and practice include the need for sustained investment in digital infrastructure, comprehensive faculty training programs, and adaptive institutional governance structures. This study offers valuable insights for educational leaders, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to navigate the digital transformation of higher education effectively.
Blended Learning Models for Secondary Education: Bridging Traditional Pedagogy and Digital Transformation
The use of digital technologies in education increasingly transforms educational practices while also revealing persistent inequities in access and participation. In elementary schools and middle schools, having unfair amounts of devices and the internet can prevent good learning. This particular study helps to show economically and socially dangerous grade disparities between white and non-white communities. Blended learning models combine traditional and contemporary pedagogical styles to enhance student learning. The research will examine if such tools increase accessibility, engagement, and learning outcomes or give rise to new issues such as digital inequality and difficulty of teaching, etc., in the secondary education sector. In this study, the researcher used data that had already been published by experts in the field. Secondary sources are used for the collection of sufficient data related to the research area. Current articles from the last five years are used to address information. They discovered that it was harder for teachers to give good quality education. In fact, schools with more developed educational programs have greater success in teaching technology. Closing the gap between people with and without technology is a long-term process. Effective interventions should include training for digital components of learning as well as tools to ensure broader access to it. Accomplishing digital equality will require all parties composing an educational system to collaborate with a goal in mind. The research offers many benefits to educators. It gives them more knowledge and helps improve learning. Addressing this challenge is crucial because it benefits education globally. The findings of the research will show the ways through which future teachers can incorporate technology for the growth of education by minimizing the negative impact on students.
Research on the Application of Multimedia in the Teaching of Electrical Machinery
This study aims to explore the specific application modes, practical effects, and existing challenges of multimedia technology in the teaching of Electrical Machinery, a core course in engineering disciplines. Guided by the Dual Coding Theory and Cognitive Load Theory, an analytical framework was constructed, and a sequential explanatory mixed-methods research design was adopted. A controlled experiment was conducted with two classes (n=92) of electrical engineering majors from a university, and both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and classroom observations. The key findings are as follows: (1) The systematic application of multimedia resources such as 3D animations and simulation software significantly improved students' performance in understanding complex electromagnetic concepts and cognizing spatial structures (p < .01); (2) Multimedia effectively stimulated students' learning interest by creating contextualized scenarios, but improper design could increase extraneous cognitive load; (3) The in-depth integration of multimedia with traditional blackboard writing and physical models is the key to achieving effective teaching outcomes. Based on these findings, a "complementary integration" teaching framework was established, which provides theoretical references and practical pathways for optimizing the instructional design of engineering professional courses.
EMPOWERING TEACHERS FOR THE DIGITAL AGE: PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PEDAGOGICAL INNOVATION IN EDUCATION TRANSFORMATION
The study examines the role of a teacher in the digital age, empowered by professional development and pedagogical innovations. Furthermore, the teacher can enable mechanisms that will change the face of the education system. Utilizing secondary qualitative data taken from peer-reviewed journals, academic articles, and reports published between 2020 and 2025, this research examines how continuous professional development CPD improves teachers’ digital competencies and confidence to integrate technology in the classroom. Another aspect of the study has analyzed how pedagogical innovation helps improve teaching efficacy and student engagement learning outcomes while also identifying the barriers to the adoption of digital devices and innovative pedagogical practice among educators. The research finds that technology has made the educational path more creative and interactive. It helped the students to think and practice beyond the bookish knowledge. Teachers must be trained in the use of technology. It must be used wisely so that it does not hurt the learning process of students. Educational leaders must be digitally empowered to foster the learning process. Pedagogical creativity has been suggested at the end of this study, which helped the future students as well as teachers for enhancing the culture of learning.
Mapping the Scope and Maturity of Digital Technology Applications in Education: A Systematic Review
To comprehensively investigate the current state of digital education scenario applications in China, this study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to analyze the scope and maturity of digital technology applications in educational contexts between 2014 and 2024. By integrating educational scenarios with the “People–Process–Technology” (PPT) theory and the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI), the study constructs a comprehensive “Educational Scenario–PPT Dimension–Maturity Model” framework to systematically analyze and reveal the developmental characteristics of digital transformation in education. The results indicate that: (1) the number of publications in the CNKI sample showed a fluctuating pattern from 2014 to 2021, with a resurgence after 2020 driven by policy initiatives and the COVID-19 pandemic; international research demonstrated a consistent growth trend, particularly accelerating after 2023 due to the influence of generative AI and large language models (LLMs); (2) research focus predominantly centered on teaching and learning scenarios, while areas such as home–school interaction, educational services, and educational practice remained underexplored; (3) higher education represented a research hotspot, whereas preschool and vocational education received relatively limited attention; and (4) most digital applications in educational scenarios were in the transition from “basic” to “mature” stages, with only a few achieving “optimized” or “leading” levels. This study provides a comprehensive analytical perspective for understanding digital transformation in education and offers insights for policy formulation, digital transformation practices, and future research directions.
A Review of the Functions of the Cultural Heritage of the Mogao Caves at Dunhuang
The Mogao Caves, also known as the “Caves of a Thousand Buddhas,” were first constructed in the early 4th century and gradually expanded to more than 700 grottoes by the Yuan dynasty. Preserved within are extensive wall paintings, sculptures of Buddhas, bodhisattvas, and arhats, along with the invaluable Dunhuang manuscripts, encompassing Buddhist scriptures, Daoist texts, Confucian writings, and secular documents. This unique cultural complex is not only an unparalleled artistic and religious treasure but also a dynamic medium for cultural transmission and moral education. Historically, the Mogao Caves have functioned as a space for Buddhist devotion, while also carrying a didactic function that warns and instructs through visual narratives. In the modern context, their significance extends beyond religious and historical value to encompass heritage preservation, aesthetic appreciation, and even sustainable commercial development through tourism and digital dissemination. As such, the Mogao Caves represent a multidimensional cultural heritage site whose enduring relevance lies in the intersection of spiritual devotion, cultural memory, and contemporary socio-economic engagement
RESEARCH ON THE PATH OF CULTURAL INHERITANCE AND EDUCATION OF CHINESE MEDICINE IN VOCATIONAL COLLEGE UNDER THE PERSPECTIVE OF CRAFTSMANSHIP
Through investigation and research, a deep understanding of the contemporary connotation of traditional Chinese medicine culture of craftsmanship is gained. The current situation of the understanding of craftsmanship by teachers, students, and enterprises, which includes insufficient understanding, lack of professional integration, integration of industry and education in a formal manner, and lack of a craftsman-type teaching team, is also analyzed. In the end, it is concluded that the targeted countermeasures are to combine with the campus culture construction, hold and participate in traditional Chinese medicine skills competitions, set up more Chinese medicine special skills courses, carry out the reform of the curriculum and teaching mode, and adhere to and carry forward the "artisanal spirit" in the training of teachers, to provide practical guidance for the cultivation and inheritance of the craftsmanship spirit of the traditional culture of traditional Chinese medicine.
THE DOUBLE REDUCTION POLICY & IMPACT ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT AND PARENTAL REACTIONS IN COMPULSORY EDUCATION IN DONGCHENG DISTRICT, BEIJING, CHINA
This paper examines the effects of China’s Double Reduction Policy (DRP) on student academic achievement and parental reactions in compulsory education within Dongcheng District, Beijing. Drawing on a mixed-methods study that combines survey data (n=320) and semi-structured interviews (n=12) with stakeholders, the research investigates variations in outcomes across socioeconomic groups, teacher preparedness, and school-level implementation. Quantitative analyses (ANOVA, multiple regression) assess changes in achievement and perceived academic readiness, while thematic analysis of interviews explores parental anxiety, adaptation strategies, and informal tutoring markets. Findings indicate heterogeneous impacts: some students report improved well-being and engagement after reduced homework and tutoring, whereas others — particularly those previously reliant on intensive tutoring — express concerns about academic preparedness. Evidence also points to emergent informal markets and unequal capacity across schools to provide in-school remediation, which risks exacerbating socioeconomic disparities. The study concludes that the DRP’s equity goals require targeted school support, teacher professional development, and mechanisms to monitor local implementation. The paper contributes district-level empirical evidence to debates on large-scale education reforms and offers policy recommendations to align wellbeing objectives with sustained academic outcomes.
Artificial Intelligence and Business Education: Transformation, Challenges, and Future Prospects
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has triggered a paradigm shift across global industries, with business ecosystems undergoing unprecedented transformations in decision-making, operations, and talent demands. Against this backdrop, business education—tasked with nurturing future business leaders and professionals—faces both urgent imperatives and unprecedented opportunities. This paper systematically explores the integration of AI into business education, focusing on four core dimensions: the practical applications of AI in reshaping teaching models, the core value of AI-driven business education reform, the multifaceted challenges encountered in implementation, and actionable strategies for sustainable development. Drawing on case studies from leading business schools (e.g., MIT Sloan, Tsinghua SEM) and industry reports (McKinsey, World Economic Forum), the paper argues that AI is not merely a technical tool but a foundational driver for redefining the goals, content, and methods of business education. By addressing issues such as technological limitations, ethical risks, and educational inequities, business education can leverage AI to cultivate复合型 (interdisciplinary) talents equipped with both business acumen and AI literacy, ultimately aligning with the needs of the intelligent era. The paper concludes with a vision for the future of AI-integrated business education, emphasizing the importance of collaboration among universities, enterprises, and policymakers to build an inclusive, innovative, and future-oriented educational ecosystem.
The Urgency of Coding Education: Preparing the Future Generation with Digital Skills
Coding education has become an urgent necessity in preparing the younger generation to face the challenges of the digital era. This article analyzes the urgency of coding education through a literature review focusing on its cognitive benefits, social impacts, and policy implications within the Indonesian education system. The findings indicate that early coding education not only develops technical skills but also enhances logical thinking, problem-solving, creativity, and collaboration abilities. The policy to integrate Coding and Artificial Intelligence (AI) subjects into the national curriculum, as part of the Indonesia Emas 2045 vision, faces major challenges such as infrastructural disparities and limited teacher competencies. Proposed solutions include strengthening digital infrastructure, providing continuous teacher training, and implementing project-based learning approaches. Comprehensive implementation requires synergy among the government, schools, industry, and society to create an inclusive and sustainable educational ecosystem. The article concludes that coding education is a strategic investment to develop high-quality human resources capable of competing in an increasingly digital global market.
A Study on the Influence of Classroom Language Environments on Vocabulary Semantic Development in Preschool Children
The complexity of classroom language environments significantly influences the systematic construction of preschool children’s lexical-semantic systems. With advances in neurolinguistics and social interaction theories, educational researchers increasingly focus on the long-term effects of early language input quality on children’s cognitive development. Findings indicate that current academic discourse primarily focuses on the following dimensions: first, the mechanisms through which language environments influence lexical development; second, the mechanisms through which language environments influence lexical development; third, the systematic integration of environmental factors; and fourth, the systematic integration of environmental factors. Despite the positive trend of diverse perspectives and expanded content in current research, systemic deficiencies persist. Research perspectives remain relatively homogeneous, with insufficient attention to environmental dynamics; studies on micro-level mechanisms lack depth and yield limited teaching application outcomes; research on cultural adaptability and individual differences exhibits significant shortcomings. Consequently, future research should broaden and deepen its scope, prioritizing the differential characteristics of language interaction across diverse cultural backgrounds and educational settings; strengthen the organic integration of empirical research and theoretical innovation; rigorously validate findings; and strive to construct a scientifically effective language support system for preschool education, achieving systematic optimization in environmental design, teacher–child interaction, curriculum development, and assessment feedback. These explorations will provide a solid theoretical foundation and actionable practical solutions for enhancing the appropriateness and effectiveness of language environments in preschool education.
Effect of Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum) Serum Extract on the Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines during Wound Healing in Wistar Rats: A Systematic Literature Review
Wound healing is a complex biological process involving the phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, in which cytokines and growth factors play an important role. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of administration of Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum) serum extract on the main molecular markers involved in wound healing in Wistar rats. This study was a systematic literature review that assessed the effect of administration of Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum) serum extract on the expression of mRNA pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF and IL-1), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β), as well as matrix metalloproteinase enzyme MMP-9 and its inhibitor TIMP-1 in the wound healing process in Wistar rats. The findings of the review show that Goji Berry extract is able to suppress pro-inflammatory molecules while increasing anti-inflammatory molecules, thereby accelerating the transition from the inflammatory phase to the proliferative phase as well as supporting tissue regeneration. This extract also plays a role in regulating the degradation balance and repair of the extracellular matrix through increased expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1, which ensures optimal tissue remodeling. Goji Berry extract has the potential to be an effective natural therapeutic agent in supporting wound healing with minimal side effects. Further research is needed to optimize doses, administration methods, and validate their application in humans for wider clinical use. This study highlights the potential of Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum) serum extract in modulating key molecular markers of wound healing. The results demonstrate the extract's ability to balance pro- and anti-inflammatory mRNA expression and regulate extracellular matrix remodeling, thereby supporting faster and better tissue repair. These findings provide the basis for the development of effective natural wound therapies and guide further research into optimal clinical applications.
PLANNING FOR DETERMINING THE LOCATION OF INTEGRATED WASTE PROCESSING SITE (TPST) USING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) AND THE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW) METHOD IN DENPASAR CITY, BALI
*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" tabindex="-1" data-turn-id="request-6941cb20-1f28-8324-a403-0752e7df8f31-18" data-testid="conversation-turn-30" data-scroll-anchor="true" data-turn="assistant"> The waste problem in big cities in Indonesia is still an environmental issue that never ends. By increasing the population, land conversion in several areas, lack of waste processing facilities, and lack of awareness are factors contributing to the waste problem. In 2020, waste services in Denpasar only reached 67.5%, so management of the waste produced is not yet optimal. An integrated waste processing method from upstream to downstream is needed before the waste ends up in the landfill. By functioning optimally, the quality and quantity of waste processing at the TPST in Denpasar, the presence of an overcapacity landfill in Suwung can reduce the burden of waste in the landfill. The existence of a TPST is very necessary in Denpasar, which so far has not been optimal, so a decision is needed to determine the location of the TPST in the Denpasar area. There are 2 methods used in the research method: the first is the use of the SAW method of decision-making system (DSS), and the second is the digitization of mapping using GIS. Analysis of the decision-making system (DSS) using the SAW method uses mathematical analysis, decision matrices, and priority scales. The results of the research show that the priorities for determining TPST locations were obtained by areas that were priority I for TPST development using the SAW method, namely Kesiman and Padang Sambian, with a value of 80–100. The priority I area is also included in the low rainfall area category according to rainfall data for the Denpasar city area. There are 10 priority II regions and 25 priority III regions. Thus, the Kesiman and Padang Sambian areas have the highest priority compared to other areas in Denpasar, Bali, for TPST development.
PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN SUPPORTING MUSCLE PERFORMANCE DURING EXERCISE
Red blood cells play a crucial role in supporting muscle performance during exercise through complex physiological mechanisms, particularly oxygen transport, blood pH regulation, and adaptation to exercise. This study aimed to examine in-depth the physiological mechanisms of red blood cells in supporting muscle function during exercise. A systematic literature review of various international scientific publications from 2000–2024 that discussed the relationship between red blood cell physiology and exercise performance was used as the method. The results of the study indicate that endurance training and hypoxic training can increase red blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, and cell membrane deformability, which directly impact oxygen transport capacity and muscle work efficiency. Furthermore, these hematological system adaptations also help delay muscle fatigue by increasing oxygen supply and regulating acid-base balance. In conclusion, understanding the physiological mechanisms of red blood cells is crucial in developing training programs and strategies to improve athlete performance.
The Influence of Bioactive Compounds in Arabica Coffee Extract on TNF- Alpha Regulation in Animal Models: A Systematic Literature Review
Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) contains bioactive compounds such as caffeine and chlorogenic acid, known for their anti-inflammatory potential through the regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. This systematic literature review aims to synthesize evidence from post-2020 studies on the effects of Arabica coffee bioactive compounds on TNF-α regulation in animal models. This review adheres to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, including experimental studies (2021–2025) from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies using animal models, focusing on Arabica coffee bioactive compounds, and employing quantitative TNF-α measurements (ELISA, RT-PCR, Western Blot). Data were extracted on study characteristics, animal models, bioactive compounds, measurement methods, outcomes, and molecular mechanisms, with quality assessed using SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias Tool. From 900 articles, 20 met inclusion criteria after rigorous screening. Wistar rats (30%) were the dominant animal model, followed by BALB/c mice and Sprague-Dawley rats (10% each). Compounds like caffeine (6 mg/kg) and chlorogenic acid reduced TNF-α via oxidative stress modulation and NF-κB suppression. Green coffee bean extract (200 mg/kg) showed dose-dependent effects, with higher doses increasing TNF-α. ELISA (55%) was the primary measurement method. Mechanisms included antioxidant activity, inhibition of gut inflammation, and immunomodulation. Arabica coffee bioactive compounds consistently reduce TNF-α, supporting their therapeutic potential for chronic inflammation. Variability in doses and animal models underscores the need for standardized protocols to enhance clinical translation.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse Peel Extract
Limau (Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Ochse) has traditionally been utilized in Balinese medicine for its therapeutic properties. Its peel contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins that have been associated with antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of sequential extracts of C. amblycarpa peel against four pathogenic bacteria. Dried peel powder was sequentially extracted using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water for 72 hours. Each fraction was concentrated with rotary evaporation at 50 °C. The antibacterial activity was assessed by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that none of the extracts demonstrated inhibitory activity against the tested bacteria. This absence of activity may be related to the loss of volatile antibacterial compounds during the drying process of the plant material. In conclusion, sequential extract of C. amblycarpa peel exhibited no detectable antibacterial effect against common pathogenic bacteria. Despite the negative findings, this study provides baseline data for future investigations, contributes to the scientific understanding of local herbal resources, and emphasizes the importance of optimizing extraction methods to preserve bioactive compound for the development of herbal based antimicrobials.
INTEGRATION OF TRADITIONAL GAMES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD LEARNING AT PAUD INSTITUTIONS
Traditional games, as cultural heritage, contain noble values and have great potential to support the early childhood learning process. Early childhood education prioritizes learning through-play methods as this approach aligns with children's natural tendency to play. Through play, children acquire and process new information while honing their existing skills. This study discusses the importance of integrating traditional games for early childhood in PAUD institutions. Traditional games serve not only as entertainment but also as an effective learning method to holistically develop various aspects of child development. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study examines the implementation of traditional games in PAUD institutions and their benefits for early childhood development. The findings reveal that games such as Congklak, Engklek, and Lompat Tali are effective in stimulating integrated development across cognitive, motoric, social-emotional, and language domains. Furthermore, the study observed that these games foster cooperation, turn-taking, emotional regulation, and the cultivation of moral values like honesty and respect, while also strengthening children's cultural identity. In conclusion, this study affirms that traditional games are potent, culturally-grounded pedagogical tools. Therefore, it is recommended that PAUD institutions apply this in their teaching and learning process.
A Study on the Integration and Implementation of Digital Literacy and Pedagogy Implementation in Educational Technology Programs: A Case Study Based on the Annotation Project of iFLYTEK's Educational Large Model
As artificial intelligence (AI) technology profoundly reshapes the educational ecosystem, digital literacy has become a core element in talent development in education. Furthermore, continuous innovation in teaching methods is crucial for promoting the deep integration of digital technology and education. This article explores the “Educational Technology ‘AI + Professional’ Integrated Innovation Capacity Cultivation System,” a project jointly launched by Qingdao Hengxing University and iFlytek’s Large Language Model (LLM) Annotation Project in Education. As an exploratory practice aimed at connecting digital literacy and pedagogical innovation in educational technology, the project serves as an informative research object for understanding effective integration approaches. Using a case study approach, this article systematically analyzes the project’s implementation process and practical outcomes, focusing on the cultivation of digital literacy, innovative teaching methods, and the application of technological tools. The project introduces a novel teaching model, namely “Educational Cognitive Map + LLM Training,” which combines conceptual understanding of educational scenarios with hands-on large-scale language model training tasks. Furthermore, the project implements a “dual-teacher, three-stage” training mechanism, in which university faculty and industry experts jointly guide students through three stages: basic knowledge acquisition, practical application, and innovative design. The results demonstrate that these structured interventions significantly improve students’ digital literacy, including their ability to use AI tools, analyze educational data, and design intelligent learning environments. Teaching quality has also improved, as reflected in student engagement, critical thinking, and project outcomes. This case provides a practical and replicable example for promoting the digital transformation of educational technology projects, highlighting the potential for collaborative development in curriculum design, teaching innovation, and industry collaboration in the era of artificial intelligence.
A Study on the Current Status and Enhancement of Academic Motivation and Well-being among Government-funded Normal University Students under the Rural Education Targeted Training Program
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between motivation and the well-being of public-funded teacher-training students. Through literature review and field interviews, this study found that the motivation of public-funded teacher-training students is closely related to their sense of well-being and that subjective well-being is an important part of their study and life. Most of them have good motivation and a strong sense of well-being during their time at school, and their motivation is greatly influenced by family, academic performance, personal preferences, future career plans, and other factors. On this basis, measures and recommendations to improve the well-being of publicly-funded teacher- training students are proposed at the university level, the individual level, and the social level.
Exploring the Impact of Gamification on Student Engagement and Motivation in Higher Education Contexts
With the continuous progress and innovation of educational technology, the emerging teaching mode of gamification has gradually attracted the attention of educators. The main purpose of this paper is to deeply explore how to skillfully integrate gamification elements into teaching activities, so as to stimulate students’ enthusiasm for learning and enhance their sense of classroom participation. To achieve this goal, this paper adopts various research methods, such as literature review, case analysis and empirical research, and systematically proposes a series of practical gamification teaching strategies and implementation steps. Moreover, this paper also verifies and analyzes the effectiveness of these gamified teaching methods through specific teaching cases, thus providing strong theoretical support and practical guidance for educational practice. In the current education field, gamified teaching, as an innovative teaching method, is gradually becoming one of the important directions of educational reform. It makes the learning process by introducing elements and ideas to make the game design more interesting and engaging, thus helping students master knowledge and skills in a relaxed atmosphere. This paper aims to deeply analyze the theoretical basis of gamification teaching and propose the corresponding teaching strategies. The case analysis section introduces the successful gamification teaching examples in detail, showing how to effectively combine the gamification elements with the course content, as well as the impact of this combination on students' learning motivation and learning effect, which provides a scientific decision-making basis for educators. Finally, this paper hopes to provide a comprehensive set of theoretical frameworks and operational guidelines for educators, and help them to better use gamification in teaching practice, so as to improve the teaching quality and students' learning effect.
Evaluating Higher Education Transformation in Malaysia: A Case Study of Institutional Challenges and Opportunities
This study investigates the evolving landscape of higher education in Malaysia, focusing on institutional development, accessibility, and quality assurance. Over the past few decades, Malaysia has made considerable progress in positioning itself as a regional education hub. However, challenges remain concerning graduate employability, global competitiveness, and the integration of technology in teaching and learning. This research adopts a mixed- methods approach, drawing on institutional data, policy analysis, and stakeholder perspectives, with Lincoln University College serving as a case study. The findings reveal both strengths and limitations in current practices, particularly in curriculum relevance, academic governance, and digital readiness. The study identifies gaps between policy objectives and implementation, highlighting how socio-cultural and economic factors continue to shape educational outcomes. The conclusion emphasizes the need for adaptive strategies aligning global standards with local needs. This paper contributes to understanding Malaysian higher education reform and provides insights for policymakers, educators, and researchers seeking sustainable academic development.
Research on the Role Transformation and Practical Path of Kindergarten Art Teachers in the AI Era
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has posed significant challenges to kindergarten art education. This study explores the inevitable transformation of kindergarten art teachers’ roles and practical implementation strategies in the AI era. The paper analyzes the dilemmas faced by traditional teachers as “skill demonstrators” and “artwork evaluators” under the impact of AI, while examining pathways for their transition from conventional roles to new professional identities. Grounded in classroom practice, it proposes an “AI-assisted, child-centered” approach. Through concrete case studies, the study elaborates on key implementation points and behavioral guidelines for each pathway, aiming to provide frontline educators with a systematic and actionable framework. This framework enables teachers to redefine their professional value in the AI era and effectively harness technological empowerment to better nurture and stimulate children’s creativity and aesthetic sensibilities.
The Potential of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) in Promoting Sustainable Education and Enhancing Public Awareness
This paper explores the transformative potential of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) in advancing sustainable education and heightening public awareness of critical environmental issues. As the global community grapples with the urgent need to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), innovative educational tools are paramount. VR and AR technologies offer immersive, interactive, and engaging learning experiences that can significantly enhance the understanding and retention of complex sustainability concepts. This paper synthesizes existing research to examine the effectiveness of these immersive technologies in various educational contexts, from formal classroom settings to public awareness campaigns. We review several case studies that demonstrate the power of VR and AR to foster pro-environmental attitudes, promote behavioral change, and increase engagement with sustainability topics such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource conservation. The analysis reveals that by creating a sense of presence and emotional connection, VR and AR can bridge the psychological distance to environmental problems, making them more tangible and relatable. Furthermore, the paper discusses the alignment of these technologies with SDG 4 (Quality Education) and their contributions to other SDGs by fostering a generation of environmentally conscious and responsible citizens. Finally, we identify the current challenges, including accessibility, cost, and the need for standardized pedagogical frameworks, and propose future research directions to fully harness the potential of VR and AR for a sustainable future. The findings suggest that the strategic integration of immersive technologies into educational strategies can be a powerful catalyst for achieving global sustainability targets.
Analysis of the Pros and Cons of Generative AI in the Classroom of Chinese Universities and Governance Strategies
The integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) in Chinese university classrooms has sparked both enthusiasm and concern. In an era where technology and education converge, this study aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of GAI utilization in higher education. A mixed-method approach was adopted, comprising field interviews and surveys conducted with 150 faculty members and students across various universities. This research discovered that while GAI enhances interactive learning experiences, fosters creativity, and provides personalized education solutions, it also raises issues related to academic integrity, dependency, and the digital divide. By scrutinizing these factors, this paper provides a balanced view on the implications of GAI in academia. Furthermore, it outlines governance strategies to mitigate the adverse effects while maximizing the educational benefits. Recommendations include developing comprehensive usage guidelines, conducting ongoing assessments, and fostering digital literacy among both students and faculty. This paper contributes to the existing body of literature by offering empirical insights and practical approaches to the responsible implementation of GAI technologies in educational settings.
A Meta-Analysis-Based Study of the Factors Influencing Students' Engagement in Classroom Learning
In response to inconsistent findings in existing research on the factors influencing students’ classroom learning engagement, this study aims to systematically synthesize and re-examine empirical evidence in this field through a meta-analysis to derive more generalizable conclusions. Method/Process: Using a meta-analytic approach that integrates both qualitative and quantitative methods, 43 high-quality empirical studies that met the inclusion criteria were rigorously screened from international and domestic sources. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software was employed to aggregate reported effect sizes (correlation coefficients), followed by heterogeneity testing, publication bias assessment, and moderator analysis. Results/Conclusion: The analysis identified 13 factors that significantly influence student classroom engagement. Effect size estimates indicated that teacher–student relationships, students’ thinking skills, emotional factors, and teacher behaviors showed moderate correlations with engagement, marking them as key determinants. Moderator analysis further revealed that educational stage (basic education vs. higher education) significantly moderated the effects of three factors, personality traits, thinking skills, and learning background, with stronger correlations for personality traits and thinking skills observed at the basic education level. Innovation/Value: By quantifying the influence of multiple factors and elucidating the moderating role of educational stage, this study clarifies heterogeneity in prior findings and provides a robust theoretical foundation and practical guidance for developing targeted strategies to enhance student engagement across different educational phases.
The Transformation of Adult Higher Education in the Internet Era: Distance Education and Blended Learning Practices
In the era of rapid digital transformation, adult higher continuing education has undergone a profound shift, moving from traditional correspondence models to technology-enabled distance and blended learning formats. This study investigates how adult higher education institutions adapt to these changes, with particular attention to the effectiveness, challenges, and international implications of innovative teaching modes. Employing a systematic literature review, the research synthesizes findings from both Chinese and international contexts to identify best practices and persisting gaps. The analysis reveals that blended learning models, combining online modules with face-to-face teaching, enhance flexibility, engagement, and knowledge transfer, but remain limited by uneven digital literacy, insufficient teacher training, and incomplete quality assurance systems. Comparative insights from Europe, the United States, and Southeast Asia highlight the importance of aligning adult education with labor market needs, establishing robust learner support systems, and ensuring equity of access through diversified delivery modes. The study concludes that while blended and online learning are essential for the future of adult higher education, their success depends on policy frameworks, professional development, and context-sensitive innovation. These findings provide practical implications for educators, administrators, and policymakers seeking to optimize adult learning in the digital era.
The Exploration of Humanistic Education Path against Consumerism in Junior High School Chinese Teaching
In today’s consumerist culture, junior high school students are increasingly susceptible to materialism and symbolic consumption, which can lead to distorted values and psychological confusion that run counter to the humanistic spirit emphasized in Chinese language education. Drawing on rich classical texts and diverse pedagogical strategies, junior high Chinese courses serve as an important platform for responding to consumerism and fostering humanistic education. This paper systematically examines approaches to humanistic education in junior high Chinese teaching from the perspectives of theoretical foundations and key points of alignment, including integrated text interpretation, guided writing practice, experiential Chinese learning activities, and a blended model of ideological-political education and humanistic education. Through the analysis of specific instructional case designs, the study proposes practical considerations for implementation, informed by constructivist learning theory and Marx’s theory of commodity fetishism. The study aims to provide actionable teaching plans for junior high Chinese teachers to help students develop healthy consumption perspectives and values, thereby supporting their spiritual growth.
Chitosan as a Bone Graft Biomaterial Enhances Osteogenesis after Tooth Extraction: A Systematic Literature Review
Tooth extraction often results in changes to the dimensions of the alveolar ridge due to resorption, which can affect the stability and comfort of dental prostheses. Socket preservation efforts are crucial for preventing bone resorption and supporting the regeneration of both soft and hard tissues. Chitosan, a biomaterial derived from crustacean exoskeletons, has shown potential as a scaffold and graft material for bone regeneration. With its biocompatible, biodegradable, and antibacterial properties, chitosan supports osteogenesis through its osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic capabilities. Additionally, the cationic nature of chitosan allows interaction with bacterial cell membranes, preventing infection and facilitating the transformation of macrophages from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory types. This systematic literature review evaluates the benefits of chitosan in bone regeneration after tooth extraction. The study employed a PRISMA flow diagram to select relevant literature, resulting in 15 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that chitosan significantly enhances osteoblast activity, accelerates new bone formation, and supports bone healing during the inflammatory, reparative, and remodeling phases without toxicity or risk of disease transmission. Thus, chitosan presents an innovative solution for bone regeneration in clinical dental practice. This study demonstrates that chitosan is an effective natural material for supporting bone healing after tooth extraction. It helps increase bone cell activity, speeds up new bone growth, and prevents infection. These findings support the use of chitosan as a safe and promising option for improving dental bone regeneration.
The Impact of a Physical Exercise Program on Functional Capacity in Patients with Hypertension
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR)-based exercise is a therapeutic intervention that could reduce the mortality and morbidity rates of patients with hypertension by 40–55%. The purpose of this exercise program service is to improve the physiological and psychosocial status of patients with a history of hypertension. From several outpatient cardiac rehabilitation exercise programs in hospitals that refer to aerobic physical exercise, no research has implemented specific treadmill and stationary bike exercise programs. The two exercise programs are considered to be very effective and optimal for evaluating and measuring the impact of functional capacities such as blood pressure and pulse in patients with hypertension. The study measured blood pressure and pulse in 40 subjects using a sphygmomanometer. The data analysis technique used is ANOVA to determine the differences between groups and to compare which group has a significant impact. All treatment groups have the same optimal impact on the capacity of heart function in patients with hypertension. This study has proven that physical exercise programs in the form of treadmill and stationary bike exercises can increase the functional capacity of patients with hypertension. This 12-week research concludes that using treadmills and stationary bikes can optimize functional capacities. This research is the development of a physical exercise model to increase functional capacity safely and effectively. However, the combination of both exercises has the most optimal effect on blood pressure and pulse rate in patients with hypertension.
SURVIVING IN THE DIGITAL ERA: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES OF BALINESS LOCAL MSMES IN THE E-COMMERCE TRENDS
Culturally, Bali's MSMEs operate within a strong creative economy ecosystem where craft, culinary, and art products often carry local cultural values as commodities. These cultural values become a comparative advantage if MSMEs are able to formalize product storytelling, quality, and packaging standards for the online market; but at the same time, they present a dilemma between maintaining the authenticity of tradition and meeting the demands of larger-scale production. This study aims to understand the adaptation strategies of local Bali Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in facing the digital wave through the utilization of e-commerce. Using a phenomenological qualitative approach, the study involved ten MSME actors who have transitioned to digital platforms. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically to reveal the experiences, challenges, and meanings of digital adaptation for business actors. The results indicate that e-commerce plays a significant role in the development of Bali MSMEs, not only as a survival strategy but also as an opportunity to expand market reach, improve operational efficiency, and strengthen product branding. Digital transformation encourages MSMEs to develop a more strategic long-term vision and create product innovations according to market demand. The findings also reveal that e-commerce becomes an important means of introducing Balinese cultural values through digital narratives that strengthen local identity in the global market. However, the digital adaptation of Balinese MSMEs still faces challenges, particularly related to limited digital skills, logistics costs, and service quality consistency. This emphasizes that the success of e-commerce utilization is determined not only by technology but also by the readiness of human resources and the support of the business ecosystem. This study concludes that the digital adaptation strategies of Bali SMEs are proactive in creating new growth opportunities and are not limited to survival efforts. The practical implications of these findings highlight the importance of collaboration between the government, e- commerce platform providers, financial institutions, and the community to create a digital ecosystem that supports the sustainability of local SMEs in the era of global competition
SURVIVAL STRATEGIES IN THE DIGITAL LABOR MARKET: A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE RESILIENCE OF GIG ECONOMY WORKERS IN BALI
The rapid growth of the digital labor market has driven the emergence of the gig economy, which offers both opportunities and challenges for workers, especially in developing regions. This study aims to explore the survival strategies and resilience of gig workers in Bali, Indonesia, within the context of a digital platform-based economy. The study employs a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews of six gig workers from various digital platforms. Data Collection Techniques: 1) Semi-structured in-depth interviews (primary method): duration: 30-60 minutes per respondent using audio recordings (with permission), and field notes in Indonesian, 2) Participant observation: observing daily work activities. Record actual practices, environmental context, and social interactions, 3) Data triangulation by combining interviews, observation, and documents to enhance credibility. The findings indicate that gig work is generally carried out to supplement household income, but its unpredictable and fluctuating nature makes it difficult for workers to plan for the future or save money. Work schedule flexibility is seen as a major advantage because it allows workers to balance economic activities with cultural and family obligations, but on the other hand, it demands high self-discipline and exposes workers to the instability of demand. In addition, workers also face serious challenges in the form of fictitious orders, which result in the financial risk being entirely borne by the workers and exacerbate job insecurity. This study concludes that the resilience of gig workers in Bali is shaped not only by individual adaptive capacity but also by socio-cultural support, such as community networks that play a role in reducing economic vulnerability. However, structural challenges remain, particularly concerning the lack of protection from digital platforms and the absence of adequate government regulation. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive policies and platform accountability to create fairer working conditions and ensure economic security for gig workers within Indonesia's digital labor ecosystem.
The Future of Traditional Markets: A Qualitative Analysis of Traders' Strategies in Facing Digital Disruption in Bali
This study aims to analyze the strategies of traditional market traders in facing digital disruption and the increasing dominance of modern markets in Bali. The phenomena of digitalization and the expansion of modern retail have placed significant pressure on the sustainability of traditional markets, which have long been the backbone of family economies and social interaction spaces for the community. The research method used is qualitative with an exploratory approach, through in-depth interviews and participatory observation of 7 traders in several traditional markets in Bali. The results of the study indicate that all traders experience obstacles, such as fluctuations in commodity prices, vulnerability of perishable products, and intense competition with modern stores. However, the traders were still able to survive by implementing adaptation strategies, including maintaining the quality of their goods, offering affordable prices, keeping their stalls clean, and continuing to trade despite unstable income. These findings confirm that traditional markets still play an important role in supporting family economies and maintaining social functions within the community, even under the pressure of modern market developments and digital transformation. The future of traditional markets in Bali heavily depends on the traders' ability to preserve social and cultural values, as well as the quality of services that modern markets do not offer. Additionally, supportive policies and inclusive innovations are needed for traditional markets to continue surviving and thriving in the digital economic ecosystem.
Legal Policy Reconstruction for Sustainable Development: Towards an Interdisciplinary Regulatory Model
This study aims to analyze the urgency of reconstructing legal policy to achieve sustainable development through an interdisciplinary approach integrating law, science, and public policy. The research employs a normative-juridical approach, utilizing primary legal materials such as national legislation and international instruments related to the SDGs, as well as secondary legal materials including interdisciplinary academic literature. The findings reveal that the fragmentation of sectoral legal policies in Indonesia has led to inconsistency among regulations and ineffective implementation of sustainability principles. Therefore, a paradigm shift toward knowledge-based regulation and evidence-based policy is essential to enable law to function as an integrative instrument across disciplines. The proposed interdisciplinary regulatory model encompasses an integrative design linking law–science– policy, a robust mechanism for institutional coordination and accountability, and the application of adaptive and collaborative principles within the national legal framework. Through this model, law is expected not only to uphold legal certainty and justice but also to act as an enabler of sustainable social and economic transformation in Indonesia.
The Urgency of Reorganizing Disaster Management Institutions in Indonesia
A disaster management institutional system is always related to three main issues: power, justice, and legitimacy. In Indonesia, the main problems in disaster management institutions are: first, many institutions are directly involved and even act as leading actors, but do not cooperate; and second, because there are too many institutions involved, coordination problems arise among them. These issues have resulted in disaster management becoming fragmented and ineffective. To address this gap, this article introduces a structured analytical framework that classifies three alternative disaster management institutional arrangements – single-agency system, multi-agency system, and collaborative crisis management. This article advances the discourse by offering a normative and comparative legal analysis that has not been comprehensively applied in the Indonesian context. It analyzes the comparison of institutional systems in the United States and China to develop a new institutional perspective, providing actionable pathways for legal and organizational reform. This article argues that the historical involvement of numerous institutions shapes the dynamics of inter- institutional relations, leading to overlapping authority and heightened sectoral ego, thereby making coordination increasingly challenging. Therefore, this article provides a normative framework that serves as a foundation for enhancing coordination, strengthening institutional legitimacy, and improving the overall effectiveness of disaster management in Indonesia.
The Role of MSMEs Galeri Jawet Niang Palangka Raya as An Economic Driver for Rattan Artisan
Galeri Jawet Niang is one of the well-known MSMEs based on local wisdom in Palangka Raya that has been operating for almost 10 years. It successfully produces products made from uwei (rattan) and jawet (woven materials) by local Dayak people. This research aims to analyze the role of MSMEs Galeri Jawet Niang in preserving local culture and increasing the income of the local community. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection methods including direct observation, semi-structured interviews with the owner and gallery staff, and documentation studies. Data analysis was carried out thematically to identify key themes such as the role of MSMEs, challenges, economic impacts, and empowerment strategies. This study finds that (i) the gallery combines the local wisdom of rattan weaving from Dayak Ngaju culture with modern designs that follow current market trends, as well as digital design and marketing technology; (ii) the gallery creates jobs for local artisans that can increase their income and has also sent some products abroad; and (iii) the gallery promotes Dayak Ngaju culture through its handicraft products and develops human resources in the field of handicrafts. From the results, this research concludes that Galeri Jawet Niang has a significant role in preserving local culture and supporting the increase in the income of local people. This study contributes to the understanding of how MSMEs based on local wisdom can compete in the global market through innovation and effective marketing strategies. These findings can serve as a reference for other MSME actors in developing culture-based businesses, as well as for the government in designing supporting policies.
THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AND MATHEMATICAL KNOWLEDGE ON THE INVESTMENT INTEREST OF JAKARTA HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS MODERATED BY RISK PERCEPTION
This study examines the influence of financial literacy and mathematical knowledge on investment interest among high school students in Jakarta, moderated by risk perception. The sampling method used was probability random sampling. The study involved 489 high school students from Jakarta. To obtain primary data, questionnaires were distributed online to both public and private high schools in five areas of Jakarta. This study used a quantitative approach, and the data obtained were processed. by using the Smart PLS program with a 5% significance level. Empirical evidence shows that financial literacy, mathematical knowledge, and risk perception partially influence the investment interest of Jakarta high school students. Furthermore, it was found that risk perception does not moderate the relationship between financial literacy and investment interest, nor does it moderate the relationship between mathematical knowledge and investment interest. The results show that as financial literacy, mathematical knowledge, and risk perception increase, the investment interest of Jakarta high school students also increases. Conversely, risk perception does not moderate the influence of financial literacy and mathematical knowledge on investment interest of Jakarta high school students. This study provides important insights for the government and schools that by strengthening financial literacy and mathematical knowledge, students' interest in investing increases.
The Tourist Happiness Level after Participating in Yoga Activities in Ubud
This study aimed to examine the level of tourist happiness after participating in yoga activities in Ubud, Bali, a destination widely recognized for spiritual and welness tourism. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, involving 100 toursits aged 18-30 years selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using the oxford Happiness Questionnaire, which demonstrates high reliability.
Innovation in Early Childhood Education Assessment: Gamification as a Contemporary Literacy-Based Evaluation Tool
Early Childhood Education (PAUD) requires innovative assessment approaches to holistically and interactively evaluate children's development. This article explores gamification as a contemporary literacy-based assessment tool in PAUD through a literature review. Research findings indicate that gamification, incorporating elements such as badges, leaderboards, and story-based challenges, enhances children's intrinsic motivation and literacy skills and provides dynamic feedback for teachers. The implementation of gamification in game-based learning has proven effective in stimulating critical thinking, language mastery, and peer collaboration. However, challenges such as insufficient teacher training and limited access to technology remain barriers. This study recommends integrating gamification into the PAUD curriculum through adaptive approaches, teacher training, and developmentally appropriate content. The findings highlight gamification's transformative potential in creating an engaging and meaningful learning environment. With policy support and stakeholder collaboration, gamification can serve as an innovative solution to improve the quality of assessment and learning in PAUD.