The Effectiveness of Oxytocin Massage in Midwifery Care During the Postpartum and Breastfeeding Period: A Narrative Review
Keywords:
Oxytocin massage, breast milk production, uterine involution, postpartum anxiety, midwifery careAbstract
Milk ejection depends heavily on the let-down reflex, which is mediated by oxytocin and is readily inhibited by postpartum anxiety, pain, and stress. Oxytocin massage is a tactile stimulation technique applied along the spine that activates the parasympathetic nervous system to trigger oxytocin release from the posterior pituitary. This narrative review aimed to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of oxytocin massage in midwifery care during the postpartum and breastfeeding period. A literature search was conducted across Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, SAGE Journals, and Indonesian health-science e-journal portals, yielding 43 articles (23 national and 20 international) published within the past ten years and analyzed thematically. The findings show that oxytocin massage consistently increases breast milk production and ejection, accelerates uterine involution through myometrial contraction, reduces anxiety and enhances the psychological comfort of postpartum mothers, and remains beneficial in special populations such as post-caesarean mothers and mothers of preterm infants. Its effectiveness is further enhanced when combined with complementary therapies such as aromatherapy, the marmet technique, breast care, and acupressure. Oxytocin massage can be recommended as a safe, low-cost, non-invasive, evidence-based complementary midwifery intervention that can be taught to mothers and families. Further large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials with objective hormonal measurement are needed to strengthen the level of evidence regarding its optimal dose and duration.
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