CEMARAN Staphylococcus aureus DAN BAKTERI GRAM NEGATIF PADA MEMBRAN STETOSKOP DI RUANG PERAWATAN INTENSIF

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Pasien dengan perawatan intensif memiliki kerentanan terinfeksi nosokomial yang tinggi. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena sebagian besar pasien menderita penyakit berat dan imunokompromains. Transmisi bakteri penyebab infeksi nosokomial dapat melalui alat medis salah satunya stetoskop. Stetoskop merupakan alat medis yang secara langsung kontak dengan tubuh pasien sehingga meningkatkan resiko penularan bakteri ke antar pasien. Staphylococcus aureus dan kelompok bakteri Gram negatif diketahui sebagai penyebab infeksi nosokomial yang paling sering ditemukan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi S. aureus dan screening cemaran bakteri Gram negatif pada membran stetoskop di ruang perawatan intensif di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Badung Bali. Sampel diambil secara swab pada membran stetoskop yang digunakan oleh petugas medis di ruang perawatan intensif yang meliputi ruang ICU, ICCU, NICU, PICU dan HCU dan dilakukan kultivasi pada media selektif. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampel yaitu sebanyak 16 stetoskop. Isolasi dan identifikasi dilakukan di Laboratorium Bakteriologi STIKes Wira Medika Bali. Identifikasi terhadap S. aureus dilakukan melalui uji biokimiawi yang meliputi uji katalase, koagulase, hemolisa, manitol dan pengecatan Gram. Identifikasi bakteri Gram negatif dilakukan melalui kultivasi media selektif dan pengecatan Gram. Hasil screening menunjukkan sebanyak 25% sampel positif cemaran S. aureus yaitu pada stetoskop di ruang ICU, HCU dan ICCU. Sementara itu cemaran bakteri Gram negatif ditemukan sebanyak 31,25 % yaitu pada stetoskop di ruang ICCU dan ICU.
Kata kunci: Staphylococcus aureus, bakteri Gram negatif, membran stetoskop

ABSTRACT
Patient in intensive care have a high susceptibility to nosocomial infection. Most patients in intensive care suffer have a high susceptibility to nosocomial infection. This results cause by each patient suffer from severity of illness and immunocompromised. Bacterial transmission can be through medical equipment such as stethoscope. Stethoscope is a medical device that directly contacts with patient’s body which can increase the risk of bacterial transmission among patients. Staphylococcus and Gram-negative bacteria are known to be the most common bacteria which cause nosocomial infection. The purpose of this research is to screening Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria in stethoscope membrane in intensive care room of general hospital in Badung Bali. Samples were taken by swab methods at stethoscope in intensive unit room which included ICU, ICCU, NICU, PICU and HCU. Sampling using total sampling method, total of sample used in this study are 16 stethoscopes. Isolation and identification take place in Bacteriology Laboratory STIKes Wira Medika. Identification of S. aureus was carried out through biochemical tests which include catalase, coagulase, hemolysis, mannitol and Gram staining test. Identification of Gram negative bacteria is done through selective medium cultivation and Gram staining. Result showed that 25% samples were positive S. aureus contamination. Positive result found in stethoscope at ICU, HCU and ICCU room. Gram-negative bacteria contamination showed positive result at 31,25% samples which are stethoscope from ICCU and ICU room.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Gram negative bacteria, stethoscope membrane