Pengaruh Breathing Exercise terhadap Psychological Outcomes pada Atlet: Systematic Literature Review
Keywords:
Atlet, breathing exercise, HRV, kecemasan kompetitif, psychological outcomesAbstract
Kondisi psikologis merupakan faktor penting yang memengaruhi performa atlet dalam olahraga kompetitif. Tekanan kompetitif dapat memicu stres, kecemasan, dan gangguan konsentrasi yang berdampak negatif pada performa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi bukti ilmiah terkait pengaruh breathing exercise terhadap psychological outcomes pada atlet melalui metode systematic literature review. Pencarian artikel dilakukan pada PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar (Maret–April 2026) menggunakan kombinasi kata kunci berbasis PICOS. Dari 10.870 artikel yang teridentifikasi, sebanyak 8 artikel yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2015–2025 memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan narrative synthesis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa breathing exercise secara konsisten menurunkan cognitive anxiety dan somatic anxiety pada atlet dari berbagai cabang olahraga, disertai peningkatan heart rate variability (HRV) dan penurunan denyut jantung. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah breathing exercise terbukti efektif sebagai intervensi psikologis pada atlet dan dapat diintegrasikan dalam program psychological skills training
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