Efektivitas Intervensi Fisioterapi Multimodal Selama Enam Bulan pada Pasien Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Laporan Kasus
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Abstract
Latar belakang: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) adalah penyakit neurodegeneratif progresif yang melibatkan upper motor neuron (UMN) dan lower motor neuron (LMN) tanpa gangguan sensorik, ditandai dengan adanya kelemahan dan atrofi otot, disartria, serta disfagia. Insiden global berkisar 1-2 kasus per 100.000 orang pertahun dengan prevalensi sekitar 6 per 100.000 populasi. Fisioterapi berperan penting melalui pendekatan multimodal yang mencakup latihan penguatan submaksimal, latihan aerobik intensitas rendah, balance training, respiratory muscle training (RMT), dan stretching. Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas intervensi fisioterapi multimodal selama enam bulan terhadap fungsi dan kualitas hidup pasien ALS. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah laporan kasus yaitu suatu metode deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk memaparkan secara sistematis dan komprehensif mengenai kondisi klinis pasien. Laporan kasus ini telah memperoleh persetujuan dari pasien, dan informed consent tertulis telah diperoleh. Hasil: Evaluasi menggunakan ALSFRS-R menunjukkan adanya penurunan skor sesuai progresi alami penyakit, dari nilai awal 34/48 menjadi 32/48 setelah enam bulan intervensi. Nilai FSS tetap stabil pada skor 4/7. Uji 6MWT menunjukkan penurunan daya tahan dari 320meter menjadi 270meter yang mengindikasikan penurunan ringan. Penilaian keseimbangan melalui TUG meningkat dari 14 detik menjadi 18 detik, sedangkan BBS sedikit menurun dari 42/56 menjadi 41/56. Pemeriksaan MMT menunjukkan penurunan minimal kekuatan otot ekstremitas setalah enam bulan intervensi. Kesimpulan: Meskipun tidak menghentikan progresivitas penyakit, fisioterapi multimodal berkontribusi dalam mempertahankan kapasitas fungsional dan memperlambat penurunan fungsi, sehingga intervensi fisioterapi ikut berperan dalam menjaga kualitas hidup pasien ALS
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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