HORMON DALAM KONSEP ANTI AGING MEDICINE
Article Sidebar
Read Counter : 3839
Download : 2463
Main Article Content
Bambang Hadi Kartiko
Ferbian Milas Siswanto
Abstract
Terdapat banyak penjelasan mengenai proses penuaan yang terjadi pada manusia. Hingga saat ini teori menurunnya kadar hormon seiring dengan bertambahnya usia sering dikaitkan dengan keluhan akibat penuaan. Penurunan hormon akan menimbulkan berbagai tanda dan keluhan. Beberapa hormon yang pasti menurun kadarnya seiring dengan bertambahnya usia adalah testosteron, estrogen dan progesteron, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), melatonin, triiodothyronine (T3), human growth hormone (HGH) dan Insuline-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1). Menurunnya kadar hormon-hormon tersebut akan mengakibatkan gangguan fungsi fisiologis organ tubuh dan mengakibatkan menurunnya kualitas hidup berujung pada penuaan.
Kata Kunci : hormon, penuaan, anti aging medicine, teori penuaan.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Andersen S, Bruun NH, Pedersen KM & Laurberg P. 2003. Biologic variation is important for interpretation of thyroid function tests. Thyroid. 13: 1069–1078.
Baziad, A. 2003. Endokrinologi Ginekologi. Edisi kedua. Media Aesculapius Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Hal 82-84.
Benediktsson R & Toft AD. 1998. Management of the unexpected result: compensated hypothyroidism. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 74: 729–732.
Bergad PL, Shih HM, Towle HC, Schwarzenberg SJ, Berry SA. 1995. Growth hormone induction of hepatic serine protease inhibitor 2.1 transcription is mediated by a Stat5-related factor binding synergistically to two gamma-activated sites. J Biol Chem. 270(42):24903-10.
Borst SE, Mulligan T. 2007. Testosterone replacement therapy for older men. Clinical Interventions in Aging.;2(4):561-566.
Brawer MK. Testosterone Replacement in Men with Andropause: An Overview. Reviews in Urology. 2004;6(Suppl 6):S9-S15.
Buscemi, N., Vandermeer, B., Pandya, R., Hooton, N., Tjosvold, L., Hartling, L., Baker, G., Vohra, S., and Klassen, T., 2004. Melatonin for Treatment Sleep Disorders : Summary of Evidence Report/Technology Assessment. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Number 108.
Cohen P, and Foulkes JG. 2012. The hormonal control of gene transcription: Molecular Aspects of Cellular Regulation. Elsevier Science Publisher. Amesterdam. p. 255-374
Cónsole GM, Gómez Dumm CLA & Goya RG. 1995.Immunohistochemical and radioimmunological assessment of thyrotrophs in the pituitary of ageing rats. Acta Anatomica 152: 28–32.
Cunningham,W.2003, Aging and photo-aging. in: Baran R, Maibach HI, (eds). Textbook of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2nd edn. London: Martin dunitz,pp. 455-67.
da Costa VM & Rosenthal D 1996 Effect of ageing on thyroidal and pituitary T4 5_ deiodinase activity in female rats. Life Sciences 59: 1515–1520.
da Costa VM, Moreira DG, Rosenthal D. 2001. Thyroid function and aging: gender-related differences. J Endocrinol. 171(1):193-8.
Donda A & Lemarchand-Béraud T 1989 Ageing alters the activity of 5_ deiodinase in the adenohypophysis, thyroid gland and liver of male rats. Endocrinology 124: 1305–1309.
Duntas LH. 2002. Thyroid disease and lipids. Thyroid. 12: 287–293
Edwards BJ, Li J. 2000. Endocrinology of menopause. Periodontol 61(1):177-94.
Efstathiadou Z, Bitsis S, Milionis HJ, Kukuvitis A, Bairaktari ET, Elisaf MS & Tsatsoulis A. 2001. Lipid profile in subclinical hypothyroidism: is L-thyroxine substitution beneficial?. European Journal of Endocrinology. 145: 705–710.
Feart C, Pallet V, Boucheron C, Higueret D, Alfos S, Letenneur L, Dartigues JF and Higueret P. 2005. Aging affects the retinoic acid and the triiodothyronine nuclear receptor mRNA expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Eur J Endocrinol. 152: 449-458.
Fowler, B. 2003. Functional and Biological Markers of Aging. Chicago: the A4M Publications, p : 43.
Goldmann, R., and Klatz, R. 2003. The New Anti-Aging Revolution. Theories of Aging: 19-32
Greeley GH, Lipton MA Jr & Kizer JS 1983 Serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, TSH levels and TSH release after TRH in ageing male and female rats. Endocrine Research Communications 9: 169–177.
Gullberg H, Rudling M, Forrest D, Angelin B & Vennstrom B. 2000. Thyroid hormone receptor beta-deficient mice show complete loss of the normal cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A) response to thyroid hormone but display enhanced resistance to dietary cholesterol. Molecular Endocrinology. 14: 1739–1749.
Guyton, A.C., and Hall, J.E. 2012. Pocket Companion to Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. US : Saunders Elsevier
Harman SM, Tsitouras PD. Reproductive hormones in aging men. I. Measurement of sex steroids, basal luteinizing hormone, and Leydig cell response to human chorionic gonadotropin. J Clinic Endocrinol Metab. 1980;51:35–40.
Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Flanders WD, Hannon WH, Gunter EW, Spencer CA & Braverman LE. 2002. Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 87: 489–499.
Holzer, Gregor, et al. 2005. Effects and side‐effects of 2% progesterone cream on the skin of peri‐and postmenopausal women: results from a double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled, randomized study. British Journal of Dermatology 153(3): 626-634.
Inoue Y, Copeland EM, Souba WW. 1994. Growth hormone enhances amino acid uptake by the human small intestine. Annals of Surgery. 219(6):715-724.
Klug TL & Adelman RC 1979 Altered hypothalamic–pituitary regulation of thyrotropin in male rats during ageing. Endocrinology 104: 1136–1142.
Korenman SG, Morley JE, Mooradian AD, et al. Secondary hypogonadism in older men: its relation to impotence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980;71:963–9
Kvetny J, Heldgaard PE, Bladbjerg EM & Gram J. 2004. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with a low-grade inflammation, increased triglyceride levels and predicts cardiovascular disease in males below 50 years. Clinical Endocrinology. 61: 232–238.
LeCam A, Paul C, and Thissen JP. 1998. Growth hormone-mediated transcriptional activation of the rat serine protease inhibitor 2.1 gene involves both interleukin-1 beta-sensitive and -insensitive pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 253(2): 311-4.
Macchia PE, Takeuchi Y, Kawai T, Cua K, Gauthier K, Chassande O, Seo H, Hayashi Y, Samarut J, Murata Y, Weiss RE & Refetoff S. 2001. Increased sensitivity to thyroid hormone in mice with complete deficiency of thyroid hormone receptor alpha. PNAS. 98: 349–354.
Maake C, Yamamoto H, and Murphy LJ. 1997. The growth hormone dependent serine protease inhibitor, Spi 2.1 inhibits the des (1-3) insulin-like growth factor-I generating protease. Endocrinology. 138(12): 5630-6.
Malhotra S, Sawhney G, Pandhi P. 2004. The Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin: A Review of the Science. Medscape General Medicine. 6(2):46.
Miles A, Philbrick DRS. 1998. Melatonin and psychiatry. Biol Psychiatry. 23: 405-425.
Morrison, JH., et al. 2006. Estrogen, menopause, and the aging brain: how basic neuroscience can inform hormone therapy in women. The Journal of Neuroscience 26(41): 10332-10348.
Mulligan T, Frick MF, Zuraw QC, et al. Prevalence of hypogonadism in males aged at least 45 years: the HIM study. Int J Clin Pract. 2006;60:762–9
National Institutes of Health. 2011. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults--The Evidence Report.Obes Res.6 Suppl 2:51S–209S.
Neaves WB, Johnson L, Porter JC, et al. Leydig cell number, daily sperm production, and serum gonadotropin levels in aging men. J Clinical Endocrinol Metab. 1984;59:756–63
Null, G. 2006. Power Aging : The Revolutionary program to control the symptoms of aging naturally. Stamford, CT. USA : Bottom Line’s.
Owers NO. 1980. Acid-proteinase activity of rat cartilage dependent on growth hormone. Am J Anat. 158(3):387-90.
Pacitti AJ, Inoue Y, Plumley DA, Copeland EM, Souba WW. Growth hormone regulates amino acid transport in human and rat liver. Annals of Surgery. 1992;216(3):353-362.
Pangkahila, W. 2007. Memperlambat Penuaan Meningkatkan Kualitas Hidup. Anti-Aging Medicine. Cetakan ke-1. Jakarta. Penerbit Buku Kompas.
Pangkahila, W. 2011. Anti-Aging: Tetap Muda dan Sehat. PT Kompas Media Nusantara. Jakarta.
Patte-Mensah, Christine, Kibaly C, and Ayikoe G. 2005. Mensah-Nyagan. Substance P inhibits progesterone conversion to neuroactive metabolites in spinal sensory circuit: a potential component of nociception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102(2): 9044-9049.
Pekary AE, Hershman JM, Sugawara M, Gieschen KI, Sogol PB, Reed AW, Pardridge WM & Walfish PG 1983 Preferential release of triiodothyronine an intrathyroidal adaptation to reduced serum thyroxine in ageing rats. Journal of Gerontology 38: 653–659.
Poliana J, and MacCabe AP. 2007. Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function, and Applications. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 174.
Powder SL. 2013. Humatrope: Product Monograph. Eli Lilly Canada Inc. Toronto. p. 3-58
Prior JC. 1998. Perimenopause: the complex endocrinology of the menopausal transition. Endocrine Reviews. 19(4):397–428.
Rajfer J. 2003. Decreased Testosterone in the Aging Male. Rev Urol. 5(Suppl 1): S1–S2.
Ravaglia G, Forti P, Maioli F, Nesi B, Pratelli L, Savarino L, Cucinotta D & Cavalli G. 2000. Blood micronutrient and thyroid hormone concentrations in the oldest-old. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 85: 2260–2265.
Raynor MC, Carson CC, Pearson MD, Nix JW. 2007. Androgen deficiency in the aging male: a guide to diagnosis and testosterone replacement therapy. Can J Urol. 14 Suppl 1:63-8.
Reiter, R., Tan, D., Korkmaz, A. and Manchester, L. 2011 The disaster in Japan: utility of melatonin in providing protection against ionizing radiation. Journal of Pineal Research, 50: 357–358.
Romijn HJ. 1978. The pineal: a tranquilizing organ? Life Sci. 23: 2257-2274.
Rosenthal NE, Jacobsen FM, Sack DA, et al. 1988. Atenolol in seasonal affective disorder: a test of the melatonin hypothesis. Am J Psychiatry. 145: 52-56
Rudman D. 1985. Growth hormone, body composition, and aging. J Am Geriatr Soc. 33(11):800-7.
Samuels MH. 1998. Subclinical thyroid disease in the elderly. Thyroid. 8: 803–813.
Sampson S, Gerhardt M, Mandelbaum B. 2008. Platelet rich plasma injection graft for musculoskeletal injuries. Curr Rev Musculoskeletal Med. 1:165-74
Seifert-Klauss V, Prior JC. 2010. Progesterone and Bone: Actions Promoting Bone Health in Women. Journal of Osteoporosis. 845180.
Sherwood, L. 2001. Human Physiology: From cells to Systems). 2th. ed. Division of International Thomson Publishing Inc. p.725-728.
Sliva D, Wood TJJ, Schindler C, Lobie PE, and Norstedt. 1994. Growth hormone specifically regulates serine protease inhibitor gene transcription via gamma-activated sequence-like DNA elements. J.Bio.Chem. 269(42): 26208-26214
Speroff, L., Glass,R.H., Kase, N.G. 2005. Menopause and Perimenopausal Transition. In : Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility. Lippincott Williamsand Wilkins. 7th. Ed. Philadelphia. p. 643-707
Srinivasan, V., Maestroni, G., Cardinali, D., Esquifino, A., and Miller, S., 2005. Melatonin, Immune Function, Aging. Pubmed Central. Immun Ageing. 2005; 2: 17. Published online 2005 November 29. doi: 10.1186/1742-4933- 2-17.
Szmuilowicz ED, Adler GK, Williams JS, Green DE, Yao TM, Hopkins PN, and Seely EW. 2006. Relationship between Aldosterone and Progesterone in the Human Menstrual Cycle. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91(10): 3981-3987
Tan, D.X., Manchester LC, Terron MP, Flores LJ, Reiter RJ. 2007. One molecule, many derivatives: a never-ending interaction of melatonin with reactive oxygen and reactive-nitrogen species? Journal of Pineal Research, 42:28–42
Thomas MJ, Gronowski AM, Berry SA, Bergad PL, and Rotwein P. 1995. Growth hormone rapidly activates rat serine protease inhibitor 2.1 gene transcription and induces a DNA-binding activity distinct from those of Stat1, -3, and -4. Mol Cell Biol. 15(1): 12–18.
Urhausen A, and Kindermann, W. 2002. Diagnosis of overtraining: what tools do we have?. Sports Med. 32(2): 95-102.
Veldhuis JD, Swart A, Mulligan T, et al. Muting of androgen negative feedback unveils impoverished gonadotropin-releasing hormone/luteinizing hormone secretory reactivity in healthy older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:529–35.
Veldhuis JD, Urban RJ, Dufau ML. Differential responses of biologically active luteinizing hormone secretion in older versus young men to interruption of androgen negative feedback. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994;79:1763–70.
Whitehead, M. I., et al. 1980. Absorption and metabolism of oral progesterone. BMJ 280.6217 (1980): 825-827.
Winters SJ, Sherins RJ, Troen P. The gonadotropin-suppressive activity of androgen is increased in elderly men. Metabolism. 1984;33:1052–9.
Wintrobe, Thorn, Adams, Braunwald, Isselbacher, Petersdorf. 1974. Harrison’s “Prinsiples of Internal Medicine”. McGraw-Hill, Inc. Section 3 Hormonal disorders. 444,447,465.
Yoon JB, Towle HC, Seelig S. 1987. Growth hormone induces two mRNA species of the serine protease inhibitor gene family in rat liver. J Biol Chem. 262(9):4284-9.